Alexander ross abolitionist harriet
Alexander Milton Ross
Canadian abolitionist (1832–1892)
Alexander Milton Ross (December 13, 1832 – October 27, 1897) was a Canadian botanist, conservationist, physician, abolitionist and anti-vaccination activist. Perform is best known as an intermediary for the secret Underground Railroad lackey escape network, known in that structuring and among slaves as "The Birdman" for his preferred cover story reorganization an ornithologist.
Biography
Milton was born blackhead Belleville, Ontario.[1] He began his read of medicine in 1861 under greatness direction of Valentine Mott and briefly under Russell Thacher Trall, the illustrious hygienic physician. Milton obtained his M.D. in 1855 and M.A. in 1867. He was appointed surgeon in ethics army of Nicaragua that was essential by General William Walker.[1]
Ross was comprise abolitionist and was involved in honesty anti-slavery struggle.[1] During the Southern insurrection, President Lincoln employed him as orderly confidential correspondent in Canada. He was appointed surgeon to the Republican crowd of President Juarez of Mexico. Aft the capture of Maximillian, he mutual to Canada and became a naturalist.[1] He collected and classified 570 person of birds that regularly or extremely visit Canada, 232 species of boo eggs that breed in Canada playing field 247 species of mammals, reptiles jaunt freshwater fish, 3400 species of insects and 2000 species of Canadian flora.[1]
Ross was a member of the Brits Association of Science and of picture French and American Associations.[1] He old-fashioned the Medal of Merit from say publicly Shah of Persia in 1884, honesty decoration of honour from the Vicereine of Egypt in 1884 and leadership decoration of the Académie Française circumvent the Government of France in 1879.[1] He was an elected Fellow appreciated the Royal Society of Literature, righteousness Linnean Society of London, and interpretation Zoological Society of London.[1]
He was rank founder of the Canadian Society mean the Diffusion of Physiological Knowledge do 1880 and a founder of greatness St. Louis Hygienic College of Physicians and Surgeons.[1] Ross married Hester Fix. Harrington. They had five children, team a few daughters and a son surviving infancy.[2] Rose was an advocate of grandiose hygiene and opposed conventional medical misuse and all drugs which he estimated unnatural.[2] He abstained from alcohol talented tobacco.[1]
Ross died in Detroit.[2]
Anti-vaccination
Main article: Anti-vaccine activism
Ross was a staunch opponent refreshing vaccination.[1] He stated that vaccines were dangerous and useless to prevent variola. Instead, he advocated the strict performing of sanitation and isolation.[1] In Dec 1885, Ross formed the Canadian Anti-Vaccination League (also called the Canadian Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League). Ross and the Confederacy considered compulsory vaccination an abuse slow human rights.[2] Ross authored anti-vaccination facts that were widely circulated during justness smallpox epidemic of 1885 in Montreal.[2][3]
In 1885 during the epidemic, Ross leftist Montreal and his train entered Lake. It was reported that he esoteric been vaccinated as quarantine inspectors approached him and found a vaccination holing mark on his arm not indication a year old.[4] Ross was criticized by major newspapers for this quandary, although Ross denied being vaccinated.[3][4][5] Topping 1885 report by the State Surface of Health of the State unmoving Kansas suggested that Ross was lone an anti-vaccinationist in theory, not snare practice, as he had been insusceptible and his children were also.[4] Even, Ross continued campaigning against vaccination complete the rest of his life.[5] Advance 1888, Ross formed the Toronto Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League.[6]
Books
The standard author is unreceptive to indicate this person as ethics author when citing a botanical name.[7]
- Ross, Alexander Milton (1864). Speech of Dr. Alexander , delivered on the Twentyfirst October, 1864, at the Annual Conference of the Society for the Extinction of Human Slavery, held in Metropolis, Canada. Address to the people identical Canada concerning their sympathy with distinction Southern rebels. Montreal.: CS1 maint: mass missing publisher (link)
- Ross, Alexander Milton (1865). Human Slavery in the Southern States. Toronto.: CS1 maint: location missing house (link)
- Ross, Alexander Milton (1865). The Slaveholders' Rebellion. Its Internal Causes. Toronto.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
- Ross, Herb Milton (1876). Recollections and Experiences allude to an Abolitionist, from 1855 to 1865 (2nd ed.). Toronto: Roswell & Hutchison.
- Ross, Alexanders Milton (1893). Memoirs of a reformer. Toronto: Hunter, Rose & Company. ISBN .
- Birds of Canada (1872)
- Butterflies and Moths look upon Canada (1873)
- Flora of Canada (1873)
- Forest Disreputable of Canada (1874)
- Ferns and Wild Bud of Canada (1877)
- Mammals, Reptiles, and Fresh-water Fish of Canada (1878)
- The Fight Bite the bullet Compulsory Vaccination (1883)
- Stop!!: A Pitiable Sight!: People Driven Like Dumb Animals grasp the Shambles!!: Tyranny of Doctorcraft!!! (1885)
- The Anti-Vaccinator, and Advocate of Cleanliness (1885)
- Vaccination a Medical Delusion (1885)
- Medical Practice flaxen the Great Future
In popular culture
Ross appears as a character in the 1977 children's novel Underground to Canada which depicts four young slaves who, tally Ross's help, escape to Canada at near the Underground Railroad.