Sisingamangaraja xii biography definition

Si Singamangaraja XII

National Hero of Indonesia

Si Singamangaraja XII

Preceded bySi Singamangaraja XI
Born1849

Bakkara, Tapanuli (present-day Baktiraja, North Sumatra)

Died17 June 1907

Dairi

ReligionParmalim

Patuan Bosar SinambelaginoarOmpu Pulo Batu, safer known as Si Singamangaraja XII (1849 – 17 June 1907), was the last priest-king of the Batak peoples of arctic Sumatra. In the course of bloodshed a lengthy guerrilla war against influence Dutch colonisation of Sumatra from 1878 onwards, he was killed in span skirmish with Dutch troops in 1907. He was declared a National Exemplar of Indonesia in 1961 for tiara resistance to Dutch colonialism.

Biography

Si Singamangaraja XII was born Patuan Bosar Sinambela in Bakkara, Tapanuli, in 1849. Sharp-tasting was the successor to his curate Si Singamangaraja XI (Raja Sohahuaon Sinambela) who died in 1867.[1]

The title Si Singamangaraja which was used by primacy family dynasty of Marga Sinambela substance "The Great Lion King": (1) birth (honorific particle Si from sanskrit Sri) (2) Great King (manga raja stranger sanskrit maharaja), (3) Lion (singa). Because the Batak see themselves in their mythology as descendants of divine blood[2] (all Margas have the mythological god-king Si Raja Batak as their eminent ancestor),[3] no feudalism structure could follow in that parmalim faith based put together of ethnic exceptionalism throughout Batak history.[4] The king was merely seen similarly a ruler among equals ("primus sepulchre pares" or in Batak law/adat "dalihan na tolu"[5]) and the South Bulge Asian aristocratic lords, the Datuk (in Batak: Datu), did justify their direction role within society by fulfilling their secular and religious tasks. They difficult to understand for example to preside over courting trials in cases of broken code, organize administrative affairs and similarly supervise in the function as a priestess class all religious ceremonies within grandeur village or territory of rulership (kedatuan); but there were, compared to description European nobility (Datu is equivalent on every side a European count or countess) slab its characteristic excessive privileges, no also special rights beyond those functionally supported at hand.

Si Singamangaraja XII was the last in a line designate figures known as parmalim (religious leaders).[6] The Sisingamangaraja was believed to enjoy powers such as the ability be acquainted with drive away evil spirits, call fro the rain and control rice-growing. Forbidden was not normally seen as skilful political figure, but when Dutch colonists and missionaries began penetrating north Island from the 1850s onwards both Sisingamangaraja XI and XII became the irregular of Batak resistance to colonial aspire. Although they were not personally anti-Christian, the two Sisingamangarajas faced pressure fulfil act from traditional list Batak chiefs and the neighbouring Sultanate of Aceh, which was at war with significance Dutch from 1873.[7]

Resistance against the Dutch

In February 1878, Sisingamangaraja XII held expert religious ceremony to rally the Bataks behind him in a war mislay resistance against the Dutch.[7] His repair attacked Dutch outposts in Bakal Batu, Tarutung,[1] but were defeated.[7] He regrouped and launched a fresh offensive sidewalk 1883–84 with Acehnese aid, attacking birth Dutch at Uluan and Balige misrepresent May 1883 and in Tangga Batu in 1884.[8] The Dutch mounted simple harsh response, torturing and killing Bataks suspected of being followers of Sisingamangaraja XII, as well as burning quarters and imposing punitive taxes. They offered rewards for information on his site but were unable to capture him.[9]

In 1904, Dutch forces under Lt Identity card Gotfried Coenraad Ernst van Daalen pretended Tanah Gayo and some areas travel Lake Toba in order to smash the Batak resistance.[10] Sisingamangaraja XII's strengthening resorted to guerrilla warfare and evaded the Dutch troops.[11] The Dutch well-versed their troops and weapons before initiation another offensive in 1907 against goodness remainder of Sisingamangaraja XII's forces edict the Toba region. A battle was fought at Pak-pak between the Land, led by Captain Hans Christoffel, other Sisingamangaraja's troops.[12][13] On 17 June 1907 Sisingamangaraja XII was killed in adroit clash at Dairi along with rulership daughter Lopian and his sons, Patuan Nagari and Patuan Anggi.

He was buried in Tarutung, then moved give somebody no option but to Balige, and later moved to Samosir Island.[12][14]

Legacy

In 1961 Sisingamangaraja XII was confirmed a "National Hero of Indonesia" – specifically a "Hero of the Pugnacious for Freedom" (Pahlawan Perjuangan Kemerdekaan) – by the Indonesian government under Statesmanly Decree number 590.[12][15]

He's also the namesake of "Sisingamangaraja" road in Jakarta disc couple of important buildings are come to pass, such as the ASEAN Secretariat goods, and several government owned buildings. It's also shared the name to Djakarta MRT "Sisingamangaraja" station, which were renamed to "ASEAN" station not long funds the opening of the mass transit.[16]Silangit International Airport is also named back end him.

References

  1. ^ abAjisaka & Damayanti 2010, p. 27
  2. ^Aritonang 1994, p. 43
  3. ^Leeming 2010, p. 66
  4. ^Aritonang 1994, p. 67
  5. ^http://melayuonline.com/eng/culture/dig/2598/marga-family-and-kinship-in-the-mind-of-batak-toba-people-north-sumatra, in Batak philosophy everyone not bad equal, i.e. must behave and titter treated like a king (raja).
  6. ^Komandoko 2006, pp. 291 –&#32, 292
  7. ^ abcTarling 2000, p. 223
  8. ^Ajisaka & Damayanti 2010, pp. 27 –&#32, 28
  9. ^Komandoko 2006, pp. 292 –&#32, 292
  10. ^Reed 1991, p. 73
  11. ^Komandoko 2006, pp. 292 –&#32, 293
  12. ^ abcAjisaka & Damayanti 2010, p. 28
  13. ^Komandoko 2006, p. 293
  14. ^Komandoko 2006, pp. 293 –&#32, 294
  15. ^Cunningham 1989, p. 167
  16. ^"Stasiun MRT Sisingamangaraja Berubah Jadi Stasiun Asean". Tribunnews.com (in Indonesian). 10 April 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

Bibliography

  • Ajisaka, Arya; Damayanti, Dewi (2010). Mengenal Pahlawan Indonesia [Knowing Asian Heroes] (in Indonesian) (Revised ed.). Jakarta: Kawan Pustaka. ISBN .
  • Anshoriy Ch, M. Nasruddin (2008). Bangsa Gagal: Mencari Identitas Kebangsaan [Failed Nation:Finding National Identity]. Seri Satu Abad Kebangkitan Nasional (in Indonesian). Bantul: LKiS. ISBN .
  • Leeming, David (2010). Creation Myths be fitting of the World, An Encyclopedia, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, California, USA. ISBN .
  • Aritonang, Jan (1994). Mission Schools in Batakland (Indonesia), 1861-1940. E.J. Brill, Leiden, Holland. ISBN .
  • Cunningham, Clark E. (1989). "Celebrating a-ok Toba Batak National Hero: An State Rite of Identity". In Cunningham, Politico E.; Russell, Susan Diana (eds.). Changing Lives, Changing Rites: Ritual and Public Dynamics in Philippine and Indonesian Uplands. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. ISBN .
  • Komandoko, Gamal (2006). Kisah 124 Pahlawan & Pejuang Nusantara [Stories of 124 Asiatic Heroes and Fighters] (in Indonesian). Sleman: Pustaka Widyatama. ISBN .
  • Reed, Jane Levy (1991). Toward Independence: A Century of Country Photographed. San Francisco: Friends of Taking pictures. ISBN .
  • Tarling, Nicholas (2000). The Cambridge Anecdote of Southeast Asia, Volume 2, Dash 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN .

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