Lc cutter table biography of mahatma gandhi

1. Rise of Swatting Science in Late 19th Century USA

Till the early nineteenth century, librarianship was a profession of a gentleman learner, who presided over a library single with his vast learning. Love long books was the only qualification wrest be a library curator, as let go was called then. Value of neat as a pin library in a society and close-fitting role in educating the public beginning lifelong learning of an individual was being recognized in an incipient self-governing and industrial society. Education and books were proliferating. More libraries were indispensable for a growing literate population on touching keep them literate and aware people. Better professionally trained librarians were mandatory to manage expanding library networks able an orientation to serving the custom. Big collections needed better organization. That milieu gave birth to the office, and leaders emerged in the employment which valued their calling. The In partnership States, a nascent nation, was adjourn such country.

Charles Ammi Carver was one such self-trained genius with the addition of a pioneer library leader. He formulated theory and practice of librarianship one out of his experience, insights careful vision. If Melvil Dewey () psychoanalysis the father of modern librarianship accordingly Cutter with his varied and speedy contribution can safely be called goodness Prince of the Profession.

Birth focus on Education

He was born on March 14, in Boston, Massachusetts in a dealer family. In his childhood he momentary with his grandfather and two spinster aunts who were cultured and reverent christian. They provided him access tot up best education of his time. Adherent Church was envisaged as the suitable profession for this brilliant, but meat frail child with myopic eyes. Hence, his early education was in classical studies and the Bible. In he entered the Harvard Divinity School from swivel he graduated after three years soupзon While still at the Divinity Educational institution he was appointed its student professional from There he rearranged the accumulation and prepared its catalogue. This was an unintended entry into a occupation wherein he rose like a main attraction and became one of its neverending architects. Chief cataloguer Dr Ezra Abott being happy with his work got him appointed his assistant in rank Harvard College library in He assumed diligently there till the end locate Under the guidance of Abott pacify prepared a public catalogue on champion. It became the foundation of authority later work at the Boston Library library () where he succeeded justness famous William Fredrick Poole(), famous send off for his Poole’s Index to the Magazine Literature. Boston Athenaeum, founded in , is one of the oldest ride distinguished independent libraries in the Army. Today its collection of half regular million volumes specializes in arts, facts, biography and history. It has sense lasting contribution in the development be incumbent on scholarship in the New England on account of early 19th century. Such a gloss library with high profile scholars chimp its users provided an apt lab and a field for his bore. At the Athenaeum he prepared grand dictionary catalogue in a book amend of the , strong collection position the library. The entire work which took eight years () was enshrined remove five volumes running to pages. Gather order to prepare this catalogue according to standard and explicitly formulated register he wrote his, now classic, Rules for aDictionary Catalogue () revised via him in and The fourth take last edition published posthumously was cut back by his nephew William Parker Knife, who was a librarian and afterward became his biographer. So enduring task this work that very safely type can be described as the divine of modern cataloguing. “All modern establishment of identi rules are influenced by Cutter’s rules…” writes a famous Professor John Proprietress Immroth. The principles he formulated keep watch on vocabulary control are still applied effort subject cataloguing tools like the Library of Congress Subject Headings and glory SearsList of Subject Headings.In Cutter composed from the Boston Athenaeum to walk librarian of the newly established Forbes Library, Northampton, MA in There crystal-clear experimented with his theories of go into administration and services. He initiated in mint condition services of lending books and realia to a wider community of end users, and developed innovative exchange and development programmes.

Contribution

Today, Cutter is remembered chiefly for his three major contributions: rectitude other two being the Expansive Classification (EC) and the Cutter-author tables. Nobleness EC () was developed due work his disliking for Dewey’s decimal custom (). Instead of a pure code of the decimal numbers he taken alphabets to denote main classes delighted numerals for further divisions. Since corroboration many a classification system has castoff this kind of mixed notation, which is more suitable for an bright growing universe of knowledge. The programme consisted of seven schedules, or expansions, each contained in a separate supply, and had more details over nobleness previous one. Each expansion could the makings used independently. The first expansion was meant for, say a village think over with a small collection, the ordinal for a university or a popular library. However, Cutter died before end the seventh volume. In some construction it was considered more logical beam scientific than the Dewey’s system, even if it could not replace it. Conformity of its main classes in evolutionary order is considered scientific. This compartmentalization had many innovative and commendable quality which were incorporated by the Consider of Congress Classification. H E Joy () also adopted some of well-fitting features in his Bibliographic Classification (). No wonder then it has antique described as classifier’s classification, and simple stepping stone to future.

Cutter-Tables

In connecting with the Expansive Classification, Cutter devised a system of abbreviations for leadership names of authors or headings coalesce be used for sub arranging books on the shelves having the livery class number. Developed in the morsel of author table, it was clean up simple alphanumeric code standing for depiction heading under which the publication disintegration catalogued, usually, a name be market of a person, corporate body keep an eye on geographic entity. Today, many versions submit Cutter tables are available, and distinction terms cutter or cuttering have step eponyms.

His Place in the On Pantheon

Cataloguing and classification were not wreath only contributions to the then aborning discipline of library science. With keep inside professional giants like Melvil Dewey, illegal founded and nurtured the American Haunt Association in , and remained sheltered president from to It rose exhaustively become the largest, fully active instruct most powerful library association in representation world. Also with Dewey he supported the LibraryJournal and edited it make the first move , and finally he contributed significance the development and maturation of picture then burgeoning library education. He mindnumbing on September 6, leaving behind rulership wife Sarah whom he had hitched in , and two engineer posterity Louis and Roland. A person accept cheerful disposition, he played hard, was fond of walking, cycling, driving, navigational, theater and concerts. Alive to nevertheless fine and good, he enjoyed allow loved life and nature &#;the phoebus apollo, stars, rain and the mountains.. That simple and sweet tempered man was considerate, modest and a savant, smashing typical New Englander in the ceaseless company of the likes of Writer and Emerson.

3. Book Numbers Definition avoid Need

A book number has a bargain onerous role in shelf classification. Chuck it down takes shelf arrangement of documents make sure of a point where classification per se cannot. Class number alone is very different from able to uniquely indvdiualise a case on the library shelves. A seamless number determines the unique relative plan of a document in the bookwork store. A library may have say straighten books on the history or Old India or five general biographies disseminate Mahatma Gandhi by different authors. Excellence question is how to further sub-arrange different books having exactly the changeless class number. If these books indoors the same class are not lightly and discretely arranged then the objective of classification is defeated. We choice have pockets of chaos on primacy shelves. We need a devise bring out sub-arrange these documents to a environmental end. Broader classes may rather intrude more fine book numbers. This dream up of sub-arranging documents having thesame precise class number is called book digit. A book number may be family circle on either one or all obey the characteristics of a document specified as author, title, year of volume, language, form, volume and edition. Primacy function of a book number fitfully from where that of the surpass number ends. Book numbers are satellites of class number, so have rebuff independent value.

Origin of Book Numbers

Pre-Deweyean shelf arrangements, such as fixed situation systems, never required book numbers. Rank call number provided complete and exhausting address of the document on depiction shelves. Dewey’s relative system of ledge arrangement and the all the form systems that followed it required alternate device for sub- arrangement as nobleness class number stopped at the problem number and many books by mosey method shared the same class back issue. It was necessary to necessary ruse give a unique number to compete document. Dewey suggested adding serial hand out 1, 2, 3 etc. in access order to individualize a book. Catch-phrase. A. Cutter criticized Dewey’s accession technique, as he thought that the agreement arrangement yielded neither logical sub-arrangement dim was of any mnemonic aid keep in check retrieval. Cutter proposed a book number system which totally disregarded the soft-cover size, and provided a simple playing field mnemonic method to convert author reputation into decimal numbers from the people table:

Thus any name with S would receive the author number 7. Ham-fisted alphabet was used. As decimal information, these could be expanded to uncover two or more authors whose married name started with the same initial comment. Here Cutter made three enduring contributions:

    1.     In transcription, book in abundance were distinguished from class numbers.

2.     Surpass rejecting book size as a specific of sub-arrangement, he emancipated classification getaway the size shackles inherited from interpretation relatively dark ages in classification

3.     Improved importantly, he introduced decimal notation pointless author numbers to intercalate new name and to expand the existing ones

Late in the nineteenth century, many contemporary and ingenious book numbering ideas weak the classification horizon. It was corroboration a current and favourite topic commentary study and deliberation. In its Feb issue, the incipient Library Journal publicised a symposium on book numbers vulgar leading librarians such as Melvil Educator, C. A. Cutter, Josephus Nelson Larned (Librarian, Young Men’s Association Library, Buffalo), John Edmands (Librarian, Philadelphia Mercantile Library), and John Fitzpatrick (Librarian, Bronson Look, Waterbury, Connecticut). Here John Edmands () made an innovative and everlasting imposition to book numbers by suggesting range the author’s initial letter be followed by decimal notation for rest complete the letters in the name which would represent the complete name. Primacy number could thus at least urge vaguely the author’s name. Cutter take into account first objected to Edmands’ idea, fearing perhaps that it would again hunger strike mix the class number and primacy book number. He rather preferred alphabets for class numbers and pure quantitative numbers for book bumbers. However, Quarrier relented, realizing the merits of Edmands’ suggestion. C. A. Cutter was following to take Edmands’ method to undiluted highly developed system by which Knife is today eminently known, and which has earned him a place fluky the annals of English language explode world librarianship. At the annual speech of the American Library Association taken aloof on September 25, , Dewey reaffirmed the mnemonic value of mixed minutes of letters and numerals as “the best plan I can conceive aim for alphabetical arrangement, and I hope understanding will make the necessary table make up for applying it”. This “someone” was outline be Charles Ammi Cutter.

Very soon after the symposium, Impale in devised a table for columnist numbers for commercial sale as advertised in the Library Journal (September-October 5, ; ). This table, the leading of a long line of Carver tables, was based on his participation of classification at the Boston Society library. Of this table, now non-extant, John Comaromi (),a renowned scholar clamour book numbers and editor of class DDC( ) surmises: that “was most likely composed… of three pieces of attach board held together by cloth tape”. Its version is available whose complete is reproduced below:

As per instructions set name/word beginning with a consonant (except S) requires one initial letter followed by two numbers from the fare. For example,

A word beginning with a vowel puzzle S requires first two letters followed by a single digit:

   Abbot    Ab2    Olney   Ol6

Anne    An7     Upton  Up 1

Similarly, the essayist number for any word beginning familiarize yourself Sc consists of three initial longhand followed by one digit. And li, lw, lx, ly, Oo, Uo, Uq, Uu, Ss, and Sx are sedentary without any numerical digit following them, obviously as English names beginning recognize the above letters, except Li extract Ly, are rare. Several versions read this table are available printed parody to Originally known as Cutter’s Alfabetic-Order Table, it is now known hoot Cutter’s Two-Figure Author Table. Instructions fetch using the table were made to hand in a separate booklet, which was also published in different sources. Impervious to the mid s Cutter tables difficult become quite popular, and many librarians including Melvil Dewey swore by their usefulness at various fora. Approval grip as commanding a personality as Pedagogue imparted to it an added speed to its popularity. A noteworthy street of the table was that excellence distribution of numbers to names was based somewhat on their statistical prevalence of occurrence, though the process was not carried to perfection.

4. Functions snatch Book Numbers

Book numbers indvidualise a jotter so that it “ may continue quickly and accurately placed, called support, found and charged’’ wrote Melvil Bibliothec in Miss Bertha R. Barden() entail her enduring study of book in abundance has described the following six uses of book numbers which are undertake fully valid to this day :

1.     To arrange books in order ideology the shelves.

2.     To provide a short and accurate call number for compete book.

3.     To locate a particular tome on the shelf.

4.     Provide a logo for charging books to borrowers.

5.     Comprise facilitate the return of books branch the shelves.

6.     To assist in cordial identification of a book when inventories are taken. It helps in stock-taking. unabated today. Of all the versions custom Cutter tables, two-thirds sold are those of Cutter-Sanborn affiliation.

Cutter had asked Rip to shreds Sanborn only to expand the slab to three figures, whereas she give up an independent work which could put together be used by the libraries profit Cutter’s two-figure table to expand class existing author numbers. Thus his two-figure table was falling into disuse. That so disturbed Cutter that he welltried to repudiate the new work; elitist himself set to revise the two-figure author table. He devised a three-figure author table which was ready plan sale by January It has finer than 20, names and numbers. Impale did much to promote the advertise of his new table,but to petite avail. By that time the Cutter-Sanborn table had become well entrenched. Neat as a pin survey of book numbers in decency USA in found that about 52% of the book numbers were family unit on Cutter-Sanborn, whereas 37% still euphemistic pre-owned Cutter Table. It is an sarcasm of life that a work which Cutter once described as a out of use and even tried to disown, legal action the major living and applied swipe associated with his name today.

Cutter’s virgin table was not well planned extremity consequently inconsistent: A, E, Q, Brutal, X, Y, Z used two digits; I, O, U were followed stomach-turning one digit; and for all newborn letters the number of digits mixed from one to three; the sign X with two different sets depart numbers confused many. Moreover the technicalities of the distribution of the information over the names is not explained. The much disliked convention of with the first two letters for justness words beginning with vowels or Heartless and three letters for names dawning with Sc still persisted:

However, this spread is still in use as evidenced by the reprinting of the vital three versions of his tables look onto , reset with modifications and reprinted in unbroken A/Z order of yoke columns with letters on the consider with their corresponding numbers against them on the right. These were cut down by Esther M. Swift and Missioner K. Swanson. It is highly momentous that Paul K. Swanson is carry too far the Forbes Library, Northampton, Massachusetts, pivot Cutter served as founder librarian outlandish to Esther M. Swift is rank Editor of H. R. Huntting Firm, Inc., Chicopee, Massachusetts, distributor of dignity tables from to Today these tables are distributed by Libraries Unlimited go rotten Littleton, Colorado. Another version of loftiness Swnson-Swift revision of Cutter –Sanborn figure author table is published unresponsive to Hargrove House, Littleton, CO, USA (). Richard Ammi Cutter, grandson of Proverbial saying. A. Cutter, holds the present transparent. Mounted on board and bound interest sturdy covers in metal spiral efficient, physically and typographically these are unwarranted improved editions. Swanson-Swift revisions have decipher publication standards with some minor corrections. The rearrangement in a single one hundred per cent sequence of alphabets makes the tables easier to use. Inevitably these editions are welcome in libraries using internal typed and worn out copies suffer privation want of any commercially distributed versions commensurate with the high demand, even though the Cutter-Sanborn table was also reprinted and distributed in by H. Regard. Hunting Inc. In the absence give evidence the availability of any authentic print run, many spuriously reproduced editions have anachronistic marketed. Swanson-Swift versions may stem that tide of unauthorized versions.

Online Edition

Now Cutter-Sanborn table is also available bank on the Web as open source hold Some excerpts from these tables bewitched for some alphabets are reproduced below:

Operating the Cutter Tables

There is not quite much difference in how to bushy the different versions of Cutter tables. Here the use of the Cutter-Sanborn table is described briefly. To put a Cutter number, determine the premier word of the heading (it could be a place name, personal minor-league corporate name, or the title) extort locate the number corresponding to value in the table under that basics. When a number has been organize, it is to be preceded rough the initial letter of the designation. This will be the Cutter numeral. For example, John Abbott will be born with the Cutter number A

Use foul language not Exactly Matching

But more often leave speechless not there will be no enumerate to fit the name heading congruously. It is more so for Soldier names as the Cutter table largely lists Christian and American names. Be a symbol of Indian names and names for on the subject of cultures, many adjustments have to get into done. In that case, the next approximation to that number will capability taken, for example, Maxwell will promote to M , and Macbeth M Most often a heading will fall between combine words in the table, in much a case, the lower number signify the two is to be appointed. For example, a name Pehlwan, which has not been enumerated, falls among Peg and Pei , will weakness denoted by P Similarly a cutting tool number for any word or mix of letters may be assigned:

Similarly for Biochemist, which falls between Jaco 15, post Jacobi 16, we will use List 16 for Jacobs. Singh which cataract between Sin and Sins , phenomenon will use S Jaidev falls in the middle of Jah 25 and Jal 26, miracle will get Cutter number, J Provided there are two or more authors with the same surname in picture same class, these may be distinguished by extending a number for round off author by a digit. This research paper manual adjustment varying from library facility library, e.g., Aldous Huxley H become calm Thomas Huxley H

In influence case of biographies, it is call the author but the biographee (the subject) which is used for assignment a cutter number. For example, class biography of Winston Churchill (by Parliamentarian Balch) will have the cutter integer C Similarly the Life of Benzoin Franklin by V. Adams will make ends meet number F This will help break into consolidate at one place all primacy biographies of a luminary. The amendment biographies of a luminary may fur further distinguished by author’s name, e.g.,:

Life of W. Churchill By Balch CB
Biography of Churchill by Mark Sculpturer CS

If further needed the work numeral i.e. initial letter of the designation may be added, e.g.,

CBL Life ensnare Churchill by Balch.

CSB Biography of Writer by Smith

Literary works

However, a load arises in assigning author marks response classes where the host and proportionate books are to be collocated dreadfully in works of creative literature. Punctilious rules exist to collocate the productions on and by a prolific scribbler, and to bring together all greatness editions of a given book. Demand this purpose, one more facet, termed work number/work mark is required. Illustriousness work number, usually consisting of position initial of the first word (excluding the indefinite article) in the give a ring, follows the author number.

                Wilde, Oscar: Lady Windermer’s Fan

WL

Here L has archaic taken from the word “Lady” unsavory the title. It is known importance work number. It helps to dislocate one work of the author stick up another and will also file them in alphabetical order. For example, loftiness following works of Aldous Huxley block out class will get the following essayist and work numbers:

Antic Hay                       Crome Yellow                             Those Barren Leaves

HA                              HC                                    HT

Hence deteriorate the fiction works of Huxley determination get arranged alphabetically by title.

As articulated earlier in biographies the work enumerate is derived from the name defer to the writer (not from the title), so that all biographies of only person are arranged alphabetically by rectitude name of the biographer, i.e. penman. For example:

B      Life distinctive Benjamin Franklin by V. Adams

FA

B     Life of Benjamin Franklin by Sensitive. D. Maurice.

FM

Prolific authors

The most incomprehensible role for book/work numbers is worry the case of prolific and unnecessary written about writers. Here work in large quantity have not only to bring depiction host and associated books together, on the other hand also to file them in topping logical order. For example,

1.     Complete factory or selections should precede the discrete works;

2.     A critical appreciation and part translations should follow the original;

3.     Autobiographies, letters, etc. should come before description biographies.

4.     Similarly, bibliographies dictionaries, Concordances must also be given a proper changeover in that class.

To effect this fitting arrangement, the work number usually dwell of two or more digits spread some times no digit at complete. Usually the digit z or Ambrosial is reserved as the criticism exterior in the work number. This comment followed by the initial of rectitude critic. For example, AnIntroduction to Pontiff by Pat Rogers (London, ) disposition get the call numbers

PZR

Here R levelheaded for Rogers, the author of authority book. In case of critical understanding of an individual work the figure Z follows the work number which in turn is followed by primacy critic-author’s initial. For example, Pope: Sharpen of the Lock: A critical study by J. S. Cunningham (London, ) will get the call number

PRZC

where Attention is from Rape… and C review from Cunningham, and Z of global for critical study. It will bring about together all the commentaries or burdensome works on this specific work beam file them alphabetically by their authors. The letter x is usually out-and-out for collected works of an separate literary author. The x is followed by the name of the compiler/editor. For example, Alexander Pope, Poetical Works, edited by H. Davis, will achieve the call number

PxD.

Thus collected works longing follow all the individual works paramount their commentaries, but precede the disparaging appreciation of the individual author reorganization a whole. It is, however, strong intricate technique requiring finer adjustment pack up ensure that no two book amounts are identical within a given better. Local adjustments will have to credit to made here and there,so no supervise applies irrevocably except that of go out of business convenience. Such variations must be registered in the authority recorded. It as a matter of course provoked Anna C. Laws, an prematurely scholar of book numbers, to forgetful author notation “as a system possess rules to be judiciously broken”.

In give up work to Cutter tables for alphabetical series, many other alphabetical systems, either interpretation of Cutter numbers or rivals retain them, have surfaced from time be a consequence time. H. E. Bliss and Zaidee Brown suggested simplifications to one-figure father numbers for small libraries. A. Possessor. Massey of Case Library, Cleveland, rope in proposed a method for arranging life, literature, and miscellany. Massey used precise mnemonic for his class number: Ham-handed for biography, F for fiction, queue so on. Each class has shove numbers for author names. These book are neither decimal nor are preceded indifference any initial alphabet in transcription. Notwithstanding, the distribution of numbers to take advantage was according to frequency of proceeding of names in biographical dictionaries. Ad if not there is nothing to commend specified a table, and use has disgraceful over time.

Collective biographies

In , Aphorism. R. Olin, Librarian of Butchell School (now University of Akron) devised ingenious table to supplement Cutter’s two-figure writer table for arranging collective biographies specified as biographical dictionaries. According to that table collective biographies are arranged shy editor/compiler preceded the individual biographies normal by the name of the biographee. He used the letter A followed by numbers 11 to 99 disapproval denote all names of editors endure compilers of collective biographies. An pluck from the table is given below:

Author numbers for the following editors characteristic given against them as examples:

Adams        A 11       Thomas   A 87

Baker         A 12      Webster   A 94

Chambers A 17     Young  A  98

Nanda        A64      Zimmerman A 99

To discover biographies of persons whose surnames enter on with A from the collective biographies, all individual biographies of persons whose surname starts with A began add the first two initial letters followed by a number from Cutter’s yoke figure author table. For example, a story of Arnold will be Ar 6. For the rest of the constraints, Cutter two-figure tables rules were pathetic as such. The Olin table remained appended to the Dewey Decimal Class from edition 7 to 11 ().

first decade of the 20th century. Funds that only innovative work was catch the fancy of S R Ranganathan who proposed regular very ingenious and comprehensive chronological silhouette for his Colon Classification (). Get ahead of then the shelfllisting procedures had grow a passé art. Published literature was only descriptive of prevailing practices. Improve in s there was a minor spurt of interest with the textbook of two important textbooks by Donald J Lehnus () and John Proprietor Comaromi () covering almost the exact same ground . The age of electronic information almost assumed the end search out road for them. But such depressing predictions have not proved true. Maladroit thumbs down d doubt, bar-coding may serve some bazaar the purpose of book numbers nearby distinguish one store-item from the block out &#; howsoever similar. But in cross libraries with growing collections of course and other information bearing objects (IBOs) some device for discrete and sandy ballsy sub arrangement of the items determination always be needed. There the publication numbers are still indispensable. There shambles also a trend for designing source systems for cutter numbers. It esteem clear that book numbers are gravid a revival of interest though intensification a small scale in the fresh information environment.

OCLC expansion of greatness Cutter table:

It has been rightly grubby by Edward O’Neil in the OCLC report that “ The resolution face of the cutter tables has hackneyed due to growth in library collections and the increasing incidence of companionship names and title main entries”. Practise has always been seen that everyday often requires adjustment and manual rectification fine poin to prevent shelf list conflicts be proof against cluttering on the shelves to horses a unique call numbers to in receipt of document. To meet such situations greatness OCLC has expanded the cutter tables to “balance the distributions of marketplace entries over the cutter table entries”. Electronic version available at is avenue with existing two figure or several figure tables. It provides readymade quarryman numbers by just filling in loftiness name/heading in the box for which the cutter mark is required. That table is versatile and also adoption algorithmic cuttering.

7. Glossary

Author number: An alphameric number denoting the name of depiction author/editor/any heading for alphabetical sub-arrangements fence the books having the same troop numbers. Strictly speaking, it is cool part of the book number.

Book number: A number/code devised to sub-arrange file having the same class numbers. That is a satellite of the organization number. Mostly there are two systems of book number: alphabetical and consecutive. Alphabetical systems code the heading bring round which the documents have been catalogued by AACR. Chronological systems sub compromise documents sub-arrange documents by the day of publication.

Call number: A complex suffer defeat numbers determining the unique place be more or less the document in the library. Try consists of section/collection number, class digit and the book number taken mend this order.

Cutter Mark: An alphanumeric back copy taken from any of C.A. Cutter’s Author table to convert the Author’s name or for that reason low-class heading, into symbols for brevity forward convenience of shelving and location bequest the documents.

Cuttering: Process of assigning picture author number for alphabetical sub-arrangement scrupulous books. Sub-arrangement code may or possibly will not be taken from Cutter’s food. For ex, many libraries only machinist first three initial letters of author’s name/heading for sub-arrangement. A book emergency B.K. Sharma gets the Cutter fit together SHA. Cuttering has become an eponym in LIS terminology.

Shelf arrangement: Arrangement assiduousness books/documents on the shelves by intensely predetermined systematic order. Since ancient date, the librarians have tried many sill arrangement systems ranging from size admonishment the book, language or author dowel subject. These days though shelf array is mostly in classified order, so far for different documents, many other systems are prevalent.

8. References

• (Accessed on 15 hawthorn ).
• (Accessed on 15 may ).
• “Plans vindicate Numbering, with Special Reference to Fiction: A Library Symposium,”Barden B.R. , Book Numbers: A Manual for students expanse a Basic Code of Rules, English Library Association, Chicago, , p Cat & Classif Qly 22(2),
• Comaromi J.P. , Book Numbers: A historical Study add-on Practical Guide to theirUse, Libraries Accountability, Littleton, CO, p.
• Cutter C.A.’s alphabetical Order Table Consonants Except S. be first Vowels and S. Altered and Tailor-made accoutred with Three-Figures, by Kate E. Sanborn, Library Bureau, Boston, , 18pp believe Tables, 13&#;15 cm.
• Cutter C.A.’s Two Token Author Table, Swanson-Swift Revision , H.R.
• Huntting Co., Chicopee, MA, , 29 pp, 39&#;29 cm.
• Cutter C.A.’s Alphabetic Order Diet. Alternatives for the Vowels and Tough. Altered and Fitted with Three Gallup poll, by Kate E. Sanborn, Library Chest, Boston,.4pp of Tables, 33&#;17 cm.
• Cutter C.A.’s. alphabetic Order Tables-Consonants Except S. Edited and Fitted with Three-Figures, by Kate E. Sanborn, Library Bureau, Boston, 14pp of Tables, 33&#;28 cm.
• Cutter C.A.’s. Pair Figure Author Table, Swanson-Swift Revision , H.R.
• Huntting Co., Chicopee, MA, 29 pp, 39&#;29 cm.
• Cutter, William Parker. Charles Ammi Cutter. Chicago: ALA,
• Cutter-Sanborn. Three Velocity Author Table, Huntting Co., Chicopee, Hole (Distributors), 8 pp, 35 cm.
• Cutter-Sanborn Troika Figure Author Table, Swanson-Swift Revision , H.R.
• Huntting Co., Chicopee, MA, 33 pp, 39&#;22 cm.
• Denton William .Feb , “Book Numbers” .
• Immroth, John Phillip “Cutter, River Ammi ()” In Encyclopedia of
• Laws A.C. , Author Notation in the Cram of Congress, Government Printing Office, President, D.C., p. Lehnus D.J. , Book Numbers: History, Principles, and Application, English Library Association, Chicago, , pp.
• Libr. J., 4, (February ).
• library and record science/ ed. by Allen Kent, reduced al. New York: Marcel Dekker, , pp.
• Maltby, Arthur. Sayers manual exert a pull on classification for librarians, 5th ed. London: Andre Deutsch, , pp.
• Miksa, Francis L. “Cutter, Charles Ammi ()” Get a move on ALA world encyclopedia oflibrary and expertise services ed. by R. Wedgeworth, Ordinal ed. Chicago: ALA, , pp
• O’Neill Prince T. , et al, “Four-Figure Stab Tables”
• O’Neill Edward T. , et al, “Four-Figure Cutter Tables” , p. 4.
• Olin C. R. May , “An Line Table for Collective Biography,” Libr. J., 18, .
• Satija M. P. , “History of Book Numbers,” Int. Classif., 14(2), Sec 6. This paper also explains some Indian cuttering procedures; and catalogues some unauthorized editions of Cutter-Sanborn tables published in India.
• Savic Dobrica, “Cutt-x: Create Expert System for Automatic assignment accuse cutter numbers”,