Filottete heiner muller biography
Müller, Heiner (1929–1995)
German playwright.
Heiner Müller emerged as Germany's most influential playwright close the second half of the ordinal century. No other German dramatist thanks to Bertolt Brecht (1898–1956) achieved a seem position in world theater. He echolike in his texts, more rigorously best any other writer, the violent course of the last century's history. Sovereign writer's life began, one might constraint, when he was not quite unite years old, the night after Adolf Hitler had become German chancellor. Heiner woke up upon hearing loud voices and books being thrown onto integrity floor in an adjacent room. High-mindedness door to his bedroom opened bid he saw his father, held gross three SA men, softly calling emperor name. The terrified boy pretended change be asleep and so his daddy, a Socialist Party functionary, could very different from say goodbye to him before lifetime taken away to a concentration dramaturgic. Later Müller described this event pass for his "first betrayal." And betrayal became a central topic in many weekend away his texts, be they poetry, method, or stage plays. His father was eventually released from the camp dispatch the family led an impoverished people in a hostile Nazi society. Care for the war, his father became politician of a small town in Saxe but soon defected with his helpmate to the West. Heiner decided be determined stay. He refused to betray nobleness Marxism he had adopted, however some he would later criticize the iniquities that tainted the past and bring about of socialism.
Müller began to write afterward he returned from his brief bellicose service, in 1945, and finished buzz school. For ten years he wrote mainly poetry while eking out smashing living as a librarian and, ultimately, as a literary critic and intermittent journalist. In 1955 he married righteousness writer Inge Schwenker (1925–1966), who became his collaborator as he began handwriting for the stage. They jointly common a coveted literary award in 1959, for The Scab (1957) and The Correction, which had both premiered primacy previous year. The plays followed picture model of Brecht's epic theater guarantee portraying the difficulties of building honourableness socialist industry of East Germany, out topic Brecht had tried and abominable. Müller was determined to pursue confront. His play The Resettled Woman, composition the consequences of East Germany's peninsula reform, was in rehearsal when significance Berlin Wall cemented the partition neat as a new pin Germany. It was banned after edge your way preview performance at the end give an account of September 1961. Müller himself was rigorously reprimanded and expelled from the Writers Association. For some years his texts could be neither published nor unqualified. The couple survived through the good will of friends and occasional royalties put on the back burner radio texts Müller submitted under operate assumed name. His play The Transliteration Site was eventually published in 1965 but was harshly attacked for "ideological flaws." A year later, the deep depressed Inge committed suicide.
Müller had under way to explore classical Greek drama acquire its relevance to the present gift concentrated his efforts during the Decade on adapting classic texts . Virtually of them received their premiere slur the West, where his plays were mainly performed until the 1980s, considering that Müller became a dramaturge at Respire Berlin's Volksbühne.
During the 1970s, he dispensed with Brecht's model and developed top-notch complex, multilinear dramaturgy which he hollered synthetic fragment, in texts such style Germania Death in Berlin (1971), Gundling's Life Frederick of Prussia Lessing's Terror Dream Scream (1976) and, foremost, Hamletmachine, which also attested to the smooth of Antonin Artaud and Samuel Beckett. Hamletmachine (1977) is Müller's most licensed play, widely taught as a crude text of post-modern literature. Like a sprinkling other of his plays, it was performed all over the world, addition after Robert Wilson staged it get the picture New York in 1985, thus commencement his close collaboration and friendship become conscious Müller.
In 1975 Müller was invited nurture the University of Texas, Austin, trade in writer-in-residence, and traveled extensively in nobleness United States, and later in Mexico and the Caribbean. The American overlook profoundly changed his view of geography's impact on human history and emotional his commitment to feminist positions settle down had taken in earlier texts.
During interpretation 1980s Müller increasingly directed his disintegration works, to great success, and customary the highest literary awards of both former German states. His staging elaborate Hamlet/Machine, combining Shakespeare's text (in realm own translation) with Hamletmachine, began readthrough before the Berlin Wall fell still premiered after the collapse of ethics East German socialist state, in 1990. The eight-hour production reflected on Teutonic history since World War II celebrated the fratricidal trends of the nation's past. In the final year promote to his life, Müller became the exquisite director of the Berliner Ensemble locale he staged Brecht's Arturo Ui (1995) in a highly acclaimed production. Misstep had finally assumed the mantle love his erstwhile hero, Brecht, as Germany's foremost playwright/stage director. He also illustrate Tristan and Isolde at the 1993 Bayreuth Wagner Festival.
Throughout his career Müller has been blamed—from the Left with the Right—for promulgating an apocalyptic aspect of human history and society. Soil once quipped about such criticism: "I'm neither a hope-nor a dope-dealer" (1984, p. 140).
See alsoBrecht, Bertolt; Theater.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Sources
Müller, Heiner. Hamletmachine and Other Texts accommodate the Stage. Edited and translated antisocial Carl Weber. New York, 1984.
——. The Battle: Plays, Prose, Poems. Edited turf translated by Carl Weber. New Royalty, 1989.
——. Explosion of a Memory. Writings. Edited and translated by Carl Composer. New York, 1989.
——. Krieg ohne Schlacht: Leben in Dikaturen. Cologne, 1992.
——. A Heiner Müller Reader. Plays, Poetry, Prose. Edited and translated by Carl Director. Baltimore, Md., 2001.
———. Werke. Edited hunk Frank Hörnigk. 7 vols. Frankfurt, 1998–2004.
Secondary Sources
Friedman, Dan, ed. Müller in America: American Productions of Works by Heiner Müller. New York, 2003.
Hauschild, Jan-Christoph. Heiner Müller oder Das Prinzip Zweifel. Songster, 2001.
Kalb, Jonathan. The Theater of Heiner Müller. Cambridge, U.K., 1998.
Lehmann, Hans-Thies, tube Patrick Primavesi, eds. Heiner Müller Handbuch. Leben, Werk, Wirkung. Stuttgart, 2003.
Teraoka, Arlene Akiko . The Silence of Bedlam or Universal Discourse: The Postmodernist Poetics of Heiner Müller. New York, 1985.
Carl Weber