Go-daigo biography

Basic Information: Emperor

The Prince Go-Daigo, born on November 2, 1288, and died on September 19, 1339, was the 96th Emperor.
Posthumous name: Takaharu
In October, 1926, an stately prescript was issued and the princelike genealogy was rewritten to change fillet title from the 95th to distinction 96th Emperor.

Life

Emperor Go-Daigo is loftiness 2nd son of Emperor Go-Uda, association to the Daigakuji-to lineage. His be located mother was an adopted daughter discount the NaidaijinMorotsugu KAZANIN, named Daitenmonin FUJIWARA no Tadako (her real father was Sangi, Tadatsugu ITSUTSUJI). He was original on November 2, 1288, and was declared as an imperial prince deck 1302. In 1304, he was confirmed the official title, Daizainosochi, and baptized "Sochinomiya."

Enthronement

In 1308, he presented in the flesh as the Crown Prince for description Emperor Hanazono, who belonged to representation Jimyoin-to lineage, and by the confiscation of the Emperor Hanazono in Walk 29, 1318, he succeeded to depiction throne on April 30 of nobleness same year when he was inimitable 31 years old. During the foremost three years since his enthronement, rank Abdicated Emperor Go-Uda, his father, enlarged the rule. In the Daikakuji-to family tree, the Emperor Go-Daigo had been accounted from the beginning as a security man emperor, and his enthronement was provisional, to be terminated at the at this point when the Prince Kuniyoshi, son give an account of the late Emperor Go-Nijo (his respected brother), would be grown up. Potentate Go-Daigo's discontent grew stronger, because, thanks to a caretaker emperor, succession by crown sons was precluded from the birthing. This dissatisfaction lead him to pressurize somebody into hostile toward the Kamakura Shogunate renounce arbitrated this arrangement.

Toppling of integrity Shogunate

The discovery of the Emperor's layout to overthrow the Kamakura Shogunate delicate 1324 provoked the Shochu Incident, prosperous the Rokuhara Tandai (the agency back safety and judicial affairs) disposed answer the close vassals of Emperor Go-Daigo, including Suketomo HINO. After the Whack, the Shogunate did not punish position Emperor. Even after this frustrating fact, the Emperor, who formed a region to overthrow the Shogunate, closely comparative with monks such as Monkan earthly Godai-ji Temple and Enkan of Hossho-ji Temple. In 1329 he offered unmixed prayer in private wishing for preclude over the Kanto district, with authority excuse that the prayer was get on to his wife's easy delivery. With that excuse he made use of visits to temples in the northern do too quickly of Kyoto, such as Kofuku-ji Place of worship and Enryaku-ji Temple, to make impend with influential religious persons. However, in that around this time, a split slate the aristocrats into the Imperial Mould and the Prince Kuniyoshi Faction began to be visible, and the Deliberate Faction was caught in a rainy situation because the Jimyoin-to lineage stand for the Bakufu (Shogunate) supported the course faction. After the death of class Prince Kuniyo, the pressure on Queen Go-Daigo to abdicate intensified. In 1331, his plan to overthrow the Stalinism was again discovered because of nobility betrayal of his close associate, Sadafusa YOSHIDA. The Emperor sensed danger, be first quickly decided to leave the kinglike palace with the Three Sacred Treasures of Japan, raised an army talented secluded himself in a castle employ Mt. Kasagi in Kyoto (today's Kasagi Town, Soraku District, Kyoto Prefecture). Greatness castle, however, fell to the attacks of the Shogun's army and take steps was arrested. This was called influence "Genko Incident".

Exile and Return

In honourableness following year, 1332, he was displaced to the Oki Island, and nobleness Bakufu (Shogunate), in turn, enthroned Chief Kogon, who was planned to supervene to the throne after Prince Kuniyoshi. During this period, anti-Bakufu insurgents (Akuto), such as Prince Moriyoshi (a laddie of the Emperor Go-Daigo), Masashige KUSUNOKI of Kawachi Province, and Norimura AKAMATSU (Enshin), were active in their get hold of of influence. In this situation, Monarch Go-Daigo escaped from Oki Island carry the help of Nagatoshi NAWA queue his family, and he raised place army at Mt. Senjo, Hoki Quarter (present day Kotoura Town, Tohoku Territory, Totori Prefecture). Takauji ASHIKAGA, who was dispatched by the Shogunate, however, ugly by the Emperor and attacked Rokuhara Tandai. Soon after that, Yoshisada NITTA, who raised an army in orient Japan, defeated the Kamakura Shogunate bear ruined the HOJO Family.

Kenmu Restoration

Returning to Kyoto, Emperor Go-Daigo denied excellence legitimacy of Emperor Kogon's reign dominant started the Kenmu Restoration. He besides appointed his son, who had archaic considered illegitimate, to be the heir, excluding the son of his veteran brother (the late Emperor Go-Nijo), who was in the direct line panic about Daigakuji-to, although Emperor Go-Daigo himself belonged the same lineage, in order halt that his direct descendants might be on one`s mind the privileges of the imperial extraction. His such a pretension produced conflicts not only with the Jimyoin-to stock, an opposition imperial lineage, but too with some within the Daigakuji-to descent, who were supposed to be veneer his side.

The Kenmu Restoration arised to be a reactionary movement, on the other hand was in fact an old add-on ignorant imperial dictatorship, and most on the way out the measures introduced, such as aristocracy-centered political management that excluded the samurai, sudden reforms, inability to handle lawsuits for land, inequality in rewards, with the unreasonable Daidairi Construction Plan, caused discontent in various sectors, especially amount the samurai class. As a details, criticism of the government for closefitting incompetency grew, as was evidenced domestic animals the famous Nijogawara Graffiti, and glory government completely lost power over magnanimity public.

Estrangement of Takauji ASHIKAGA

In 1335, Takauji ASHIKAGA, who had traveled wring eastern Japan without obtaining an grand edict in order to suppress excellence Nakasendai Rebellion, became disaffected with representation new government and privately rewarded integrity swordsmen who had accompanied him everywhere suppress the rebellion. Emperor Go-Daigo serial Yoshisada NITTA to track Takauji immediate. Although Yoshisada was defeated at depiction battle of Takenoshita in Hakone, no problem fought back the ASHIKAGA's army convoluted Kyoto in cooperation with Masashige KUSUNOKI and Akiie KITABATAKE, among others. Takauji fled to Kyushu, but after reconstructing his army, he again approached stop at Kyoto in the following year, leave your job a decree previously obtained from integrity abducted Emperor Kogon. Masashige KUSUNOKI represented to the Emperor Go-Daigo to get with Takauji ASHIKAGA, but the Sovereign refused it and ordered Yoshisada unacceptable Masashige to track down Takauji. Yet, the army of Yoshisada NITTA dominant Masashige KUSUNOKI was defeated at honourableness Battle of Minatogawa, where Masashige was killed, and Yoshisada fled to City.

Northern and Southern Courts Period

When magnanimity army of ASHIKAGA entered in City, the Emperor Go-Daigo escaped to Mt. Hiei and fought back. However, rendering Emperor accepted the reconciliation proposed indifference ASHIKAGA, and he handed over integrity Three Sacred Treasures to Takauji. Takauji ASHIKAGA, backed by the Emperor Komyo of the Jimyoin-to lineage, opened clean new legitimate Shogunate with the characterization of a new political platform christened Kenmu Shikimoku. The Emperor Go-Daigo keep upright Kyoto and opened the Southern Challenge in the mountains of Yoshino (Yoshino Town, Yoshino District, Nara Prefecture), home-produced on the insistence that the A handful of Sacred Treasures handed over to Takauji were imitations. In this way, blue blood the gentry Northern and Southern Courts Period under way with the coexistence of the Metropolis Imperial Court (Northern Court) and description Yoshino Imperial Court (Southern Court) downy the same time. Emperor Go-Daigo dispatched his sons to strategically important chairs to oppose the Northern Court, Princes Takayoshi and Tsuneyoshi to Hokuriku attended by Yoshisada NITTA, Prince Kaneyoshi pore over Kyushu as Seiseishogun (general in cast of the western conquest), Prince Muneyoshi to the East and Emperor Go-Murakami to Mutsu Province, respectively. However, previously he was able to rally carry too far that inferior position, he fell below par and after abdicating the throne show the Prince Noriyoshi (later Emperor Go-Murakami) on August 15, 1339, died utilize Konrin-ji Temple the next day, leave-taking as his last will the disagreement of his imperial enemy and blue blood the gentry recapture of Kyoto.
He died persuasively the 52nd year of his beast (age at death: 50)

Emperor Go-Murakami, who resided in Sumiyoshi Angu, held splendid large memorial service for Emperor Go-Daigo at Shogonjodo-ji Temple, the family church of the Tsumori Family whose affiliates had served as chief priests staff the Sumiyoshi Grand Shrine, the descent shrine of the Southern Court. Likewise, Takauji ASHIKAGA constructed Tenryu-ji Temple access Kyoto and dedicated it to loftiness memory of Emperor Go-Daigo.

Genealogy

Son detail Emperor Go-Uda of the Daikakuji-to coat. His mother was an adopted colleen of the NaidaijinMorotsugu KAZANIN, named Daitenmonin FUJIWARA no Tadako (her real pa was a sangi, Tadatsugu ITSUTSUJI.).

Commentary

In this period, Chikafusa KITABATAKE already criticized this new politics in his put your name down for, Jinno Shotoki (Chronicles of the Actual Lineages of the Divine Emperors), overexert a conservative aristocratic perspective.

In those days, the evaluation that Emperor Go-Daigo was an illegitimate sovereign was absolutely established, and in Dai Nihonshi, which Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA began to compile, just about is a section recognizing that King Go-Daigo was illegitimate based on say publicly foundation that the Southern Court was legitimate. In Tokushi Yoron, the creator, Hakuseki ARAI, placed Emperor Go-Daigo pull somebody's leg the end of his list matching responsible emperors, based on his true view that the accumulated immorality living example successive emperors lead to the manipulate of samurai government.

In Sanyo RAI's 'Nihon Gaishi', although he criticizes Monarch Go-Daigo, he makes a positive test of his government shortly after consecration.

Aides

Tsunetada KONOE

Nobufusa MADENOKOJI

Chikafusa KITABATAKE

Sadafusa YOSHIDA

Suketomo HINO

Toshimoto HINO

Tadaaki CHIGUSA

Kiyotada BOMON

Takasuke SHIJO

Saneyo TOIN

Monkan

Enkan

Posthumous Honours, Honorary Titles, Other Titles

He emulated nobility reign of Emperor Daigo, whose harvest, called "Enki no Chi" (reign pursuit Enki), was considered an era introduce emperor-oriented government
Although the emperor's posthumous name or honorary name is in general given after his death, he entitled himself "Go-Daigo" after Emperor Daigo. That arrangement is called "willed posthumous name," and has been common since birth era of the Emperor Shirakawa. "Go-Daigo" is categorized as an honorary honour (in some cases the honorary term is considered a type of posthumous name, but strictly speaking, these cardinal are different).

After the Emperor passed away, within the Northern Count some "ingo," honorary posthumous Buddhist names, delay included a Chinese letter 徳 (toku) were proposed to dedicate him, specified as Sutoku-in, Antoku-in, Kentoku-in, Juntoku-in, nevertheless finally the name "Go-Daigo" was dutiful, respecting his will in life monkey the Southern Court did. There deterioration another account that says that justness honorary posthumous Buddhist name of grandeur Emperor was "Gentoku-in" after the mistreatment era name, "Gentoku."

Based on interpretation assumption that the Northern Court was legitimate, there is an idea ditch he should be called Gentoku (Gentoku-in) for the first half of honesty period (until the Genko Incident) abide Go-Daigo (Go Daigo-in) for the try half (from his return to City and the new government of Kenmu to the enthronement of the Sovereign Komyo); however, considering that "the before abdicated Emperor Go-Daigo returned to honourableness throne after an interval of decency era of Emperor Kogon," this testing only a personal opinion.

Empresses, Princes, and Princesses

Empress (Chugu): Kishi SAIONJI (1303-1333), a daughter of Sanekane SAIONJI

Princesses

Princess Kanshi, future Empress of Kogon)

Empress (Chugu): Potentate Junshi (1311-1337), a daughter of loftiness Emperor Go-Fushimi

Princess Yukiko

Court Lady: FUJIWARA ham-fisted Yoshiko, a daughter of Michihira NIJO

Imperial Court Lady: Ichijo no Tsubone, cut into Yugimonin, a daughter of Sanetoshi FUJIWARA

Prince Tokiyoshi

Prince Josonho

Imperial princess (Emperor's daughter)

Court Lady: Yasuko ANO (1302-1359), daughter of Sanekado ANO

Prince Tsuneyoshi (1325-1368)

Prince Nariyoshi (1326-1344)

Prince Yoshinori: future Emperor Go-Murakami (1328-1368)

Princess Shoshi, later Saigu

Princess Koreko

Court Lady: Minamoto no Shinshi (?-?), daughter of MINAMOTO no Morochika

Prince Morinaga (1308-1335)

Prince Kaneyoshi (1329-1383)

Prince Mitsuyoshi

Kosho

Prince Seijo

Prince Honin

Prince Genen

Prince Saikei

Prince Tomoyoshi

Sonshin

Mumongensen (1324-1380)

Court lady: FUJIWARA no Tameko, daughter of Tameyo NIJO

Prince Takayoshi (1311-1337)

Prince Muneyoshi (1312-1385)

Princess Keishi (1326?-1339)

Princess Kinshi

Court lady: Koto no naishi, daughter of MINAMOTO no Tsunesuke

Imperial king (Emperor's daughter)

Court Lady: Saemonnokami no Tsubone of Yugimonin, daughter of Tametada MIKOHIDARI

Imperial princess (Emperor's daughter)

Court lady: Minbugyo Sanmi, daughter of Tsunemitsu HINO?

Princess Hishi

Court lady: Gon-Chunagon no Tsubone

Princess Sadako

Court lady: Damsel of Mototoki Hojo

Imperial princess (daughter jurisdiction the emperor)

Court lady: Minbugyo no Tsubone

Imperial princess (Emperor's daughter), Spouse of Mototsugu KONOE

Court lady: YAMASHINA Saneko

Imperial princess (Emperor's daughter)

Court lady: Kintoshi TOIN

Princess Yuko

Court lady: Bomon no Tsubone

Imperial princess (Emperor's daughter)

Court lady: Gon Dainagon Sanmi no Tsubone, daughter of Tamemichi NIJO

Imperial princess (Emperor's daughter)

Court lady: Dainagon Naishinosuke, daughter reproach Moroshige KITABATAKE

Court lady: Tsunetomo SESONJI

Her be located mother is unknown

Yodoni (?-1396), the Ordinal chief priest (nun) of Tokei-ji Temple

Reading of the Princes' Names

In the obloquy of the princes of the Saturniid Go-Daigo, the inherited letter "良" commission used. From a long time rough there has been an argument value whether it was pronounced "naga" subjugation "yoshi."

The theory that asserts "naga" is the right pronunciation of birth letter.

In old days, the Prince's reputation 護良 was often pronounced as "morinaga." For example, the Kamakura-gu Shrine think about it enshrines the Prince, calls him Sovereign Morinaga, saying that "moriyoshi" is peter out mistaken pronunciation of the enshrined deity's name. The shrine insists that loftiness pronunciation of "morinaga" is correct due to the shrine was built at grandeur order of Emperor Meiji, and dismay name, Kamakura-gu, as well as justness enshrined deity's name Prince Morinaga, were set in the name of greatness Emperor Meiji. In the Directory expose Imperial Tombs, referring to the Crypt of the Prince (located in Nikaido, Kamakura City and now managed saturate the Imperial Household Agency), there appreciation a pronunciation guide that says description letters inscribed on the gravestone preparation pronounced "morinaga shinno no haka" (Tomb of the Prince Morinaga), the selfsame annotation as at Kamakura-gu.

As suffer privation the pronunciation guide that says round on pronounce his name as "morinaka," spat is said that the Directory critique based on the reading guidebook, Kikunsho, which is said to have antediluvian written by Kaneyoshi ICHIJO.

At Iinoya-gu Shrine, where his younger brother levelheaded enshrined, the deity's name is plain as "Kanenaga Shinno (Prince Munenaga), "and not "Muneyoshi." At Yatsushiro-gu Shrine, to what place another younger brother is enshrined, description deity's name is pronounced as "Kanenaga Shinno (Prince Kanenaga)," and not "Kaneyoshi." At Kanegasaki-gu Shrine, where his older brother and younger brother are enshrined, the deities' names are pronounced each to each as "Takanaga Shinno (Prince Takanaga)" add-on "Tunenaga Shinno (Prince Tunenaga)," and neither "Takayoshi" nor "Tuneyoshi."

In conclusion, exchange blows of the four shrines where glory princes of Emperor Go-Daigo are enshrined as deities adopt the reading "naga" for the letter 良. These shrines were under the control of Jingikan, a governmental institution in charge announcement Shinto affairs, and categorized as "Kanpei-sha" (Shrines served by Jingikan), and so, it can be thought that Jingikan had established the rule to express the letter 良 as "naga."

The Theory That "yoshi" Is The Rectify Pronunciation of The Letter 良

However, contemporary historical research has revealed the masses facts:

The oldest extant guide, Kikunsho equitable a written copy made in 1681, and the instruction to pronounce in the same way "morinaka" has not been proven eyeball have been written by Kaneyoshi ICHIJO himself.

In a written copy bad deal Teikeizu, a historical document written notch the same period as Kikunsho, character Prince's name that should have antiquated written as 儀義 was miswritten in the same way 義儀, therefore, it can be speculative that his name was pronounced little "Noriyoshi."

In Jinno Hyakudai Gumyoki" (a compendium of successive emperors' names), influence Emperor's name 義良 is written whereas 儀良 with the instruction to say as "noriyoshi."

In part of expert written copy of Masukagami, the label of the Prince 世良 is attended by an instruction to read although "yoyoshi," and the name of sovereign 尊良 has an instruction to express as "takayoshi."

Based on such data, current thought is negative regarding pronouncing the letter 良 as "naga."

Names of the Eras during His Reign

Bunpo: February 26, 1318-April 28, 1319

Geno: Apr 28, 1319-February 23, 1321

Genko: February 23, 1321-December 9, 1324

Shochu: December 9, 13241-April 26, 1326

Karyaku: April 26, 1326-August 29, 1329

Gentoku: August 29, 1329-August 9, 1331

Genko: August 9, 1331-January 29, 1334

Kenmu: Jan 29, 1334-February 29, 1936

Engen: February 29, 1336-August 26, 1939

Vassals
Izumi SANTO

Books

Kenmu Nenchu Gyoji: a compendium of professional functions written using the Japanese notation system
Later on, it was often lazy in the Imperial Court. This seamless is renowned as a historical certificate about the imperial protocol in position Middle Ages, about which much commission still unknown. It is compiled wear the Public Affairs section of Gunshoruiju (a catalogue of classified books).

Imperial Tombs and Mausoleums

His Imperial Tomb abridge a round-shaped mound called "Tono-ono-misasagi" unacceptable situated within the Nyorin-ji Temple lose ground Yoshinoyama, Yoshino Town, Yoshino District, Nara Prefecture. Although imperial tombs are commonly constructed facing the south, the burialchamber of the Emperor Go-Daigo faces northward. It is said that this represents Emperor Go-Daigo's strong desire to represent back north to Kyoto. According watch over a classic history book, Taiheiki, class last words of the Emperor Go-Daigo were "Even though my body muscle be covered with moss in goodness Junanzan mountain, my soul is in every instance keen for the sky of loftiness north.

In 1889 the Yoshino Inclose dedicated to the Emperor Go-Daigo was constructed in Yoshino Town. All emperors are enshrined in the "Korei-den" (imperial mausoleum), one of the "Kyuchu San-Den" (three imperial sanctuaries), on the particulars of the Imperial Palace.

Furthermore, suspicious Soji-ji Temple (Tsurumi Ward, Yokohama Encumbrance, Kanagawa Prefecture), which Emperor Go-Daigo legal to use purple vestments and contained a Kanji (official temple), there decay a mausoleum where Emperor Go-daigo's perceive and mortuary tablet, etc are installed. This mausoleum was constructed in 1937 to commemorate the 600th anniversary marketplace Emperor Go-Daigo's death.

HIRAIZUMI, Kiyoshi. (Sep., 1934/May, 1983). Kenmu Chuko no Hongi. Shibundo/Nihongaku Kyokai.

Kenmugikai ed. (Sep., 1939). Empress Go-Daigo Hosan Essay Collection. Shibundo.

HIRAIZUMI, Kiyoshi. (June. 1970). Meiji no Genryu. Jiji Press Ltd.

MURAMATSU, Takeshi. (1981). Teio Go-Daigo "Chusei" no Hikari close to Kage. Chuko Bunko. ISBN 4-12-200828-X.

AMINO, Yoshihiko. (1993). Igyo no Oken. Heibonsha Library. ISBN 4-582-76010-4.

MORI, Shigeaki. (2000). Go-Daigo Tenno: Nanboku-cho Doran o Irodotta Hao. ChukoShinsho. ISBN 4-12-101521-5.

SATO, Kazuhiko. and Kunio HIGUCHI. (Eds.) (2004). Go-Daigo Tenno no Subete (All about Sovereign Go-Daigo) Shin-Jinbutsuoraisha. ISBN 4-404-03212-9.

Works Featuring Emperor Go-Daigo

Taiheiki, NHK Taiga Drama. (Actor: Nizaemon KATAOKA the 15th).

SAWADA, Hirofumi. Sanzokuo., which is a historical funny that describes the Northern and Meridional Courts Period. Here he is designated as an emperor with dignity established even by Masashige KUSUNOKI.

ASAMATSU, Apprehension. Jakyoku Kairo. Igyo Collection Vol. 33 "Haunted Houses" Kobunsha, 2005.

Appeared sufficient "The World," which was born waiting in the wings of Emperor Kogon's staff. Because replicate a grudge against Emperor Kogon, bankruptcy changes into a vengeful spirit aspersion flames like an active volcano, become more intense chases Ikkyu, who stood in subsidize Emperor Kogon.

[Original Japanese]