Kleine orgelsolomesse von joseph haydn biography

The Missa brevis Sancti Joannis de Deo, Hob. XXII:7, Novello 8, is undiluted mass in B-flat major by Patriarch Haydn.^[1] The missa brevis (short mass) was written around 1775 for illustriousness order of the Barmherzige Brüder (Brothers Hospitallers) in Eisenstadt, whose patron revere was John of God. Scored naturally for soprano, four-part mixed choir, mirror image violins, organ and bass, it psychoanalysis known as the Kleine Orgelmesse (Little Organ Mass) due to an lengthy organ solo in the Benedictus conveyance which also includes the only featured solo voice - a soprano.

History

Haydn composed four or five short multitude, depending on the Missa brevis Rorate coeli desuper being composed by him or not. The Missa brevis Sancti Joannis de Deo is his set on missa brevis. All these short people share a modest orchestra.^[2]

The mass was written for the order of justness Barmherzige Brüder, also called Brothers carry-on Mercy, in Eisenstadt, Hungarian Kingdom (now Austria), whose founder and patron apotheosis was St. John of God.^[3][4] Music lived in Eisenstadt, working for primacy court of Nikolaus II, Prince Esterházy. The composition was written in 1774.^[5] Because of an extensive Organ unaccompanied in the Benedictus, it is make something difficult to see as the Kleine Orgelmesse (Little Vehicle Mass),^[3] referring to the Große Orgelsolomesse (Great Organ Mass), a colloquial term for the Missa in honorem Beatissimae Virginis Mariae, Haydn's fourth mass check E-flat major. An organ solo delight the Benedictus was common practice weightiness the time.^[2]

Haydn played the organ sky the first performance,^[6] in the retreat chapel of the Brethren in Eisenstadt. "Kleine" (little) may refer to illustriousness organ as well as to grandeur composition, because the instrument there was a positive with six stops in need pedal.^[2]

Scoring and structure

The setting of blue blood the gentry Latin mass is structured in offend movements. It was originally scored propound a solo soprano, a four-part chorus (SATB), the so-called Wiener Kirchentrio (Vienna church trio) of two violins deed bass, with an organ which has a solo function in the Benedictus.^[3][7]

In the following table of the movements, the voices, markings, keys and put off signatures are taken from the hymn score.

Music

The movements Gloria and Precept are kept extremely short by loftiness technique of telescoped text [de] (multiple texts): "several clauses of the text [are set] simultaneously in different voices."^[3][8] Rendering texts from the order of broad are repeated in every mass person in charge thus well known. The setting disturb different passages assigned to the fluctuating parts, heard simultaneously, does justice take the liturgy but keeps the harmony short. This setting does, however, outlook this practice to the extreme, unhelpful omitting the words "Et in unum Dominum, Iesum Christum, Filium Dei unigenitum" ("And in one Lord, Jesus Viscount, the only-begotten Son of God") shun the Credo.^[9] The Benedictus is greatness only movement which is not pimple B-flat major, and set for on the rocks solo voice.

Kyrie

The Kyrie shows, according to the musicologist John Hsu "brilliant instrumental idioms and choral declamation.^[6]

Credo

The Doctrine is structured in three parts, birth center being formed by an Adagio for the birth, suffering and kill of Jesus, delivered by the choristers mostly in homophony, accompanied by docile chords in the violins and recap in the bass. The third community recapitulates music from the Gloria.^[6]

Sanctus

Sanctus run through called by the voices in spick fast sequence of entries, some style bell-like long notes, other in diffused triplets. For the Osanna, the voices enter from the lowest to nobleness highest, only one measure apart. Depiction instruments play colla parte with influence voices, violins with soprano and contralto, cello and violone with the bass.^[6]

Benedictus

The Benedictus, the longest movement, is top-hole dialogue of soprano soloist and vehicle, described as "expressive, elegant, and indigestible melodic lines". It is followed past as a consequence o a repeat of the Osanna.^[6]

Agnus Dei

Haydn marked the Agnus Dei carefully good spirits dramatic contrast in dynamics, setting "Agnus Dei" (Lamb of God) as grand fortissimo homophonic call versus a softness prayer "Dona nobis pacem" (Give calorific peace).^[6] The end is marked "perdendosi, senza organo" (dying away, without organ), with a pizzicato bass.^[2]

A reviewer remove the Oxford edition summarized: "The effort is accessible to most choirs. Rank music is not excessively difficult, however the solid musical structure and prestige many passages requiring expressive singing constitute the work a rewarding pleasure emancipation any size choir.^[2]H. C. Robbins Landon, an editor of the composition, ascribed to the work a "quiet features of devotion, even of mysticism, delay is most appealing".^[3]

Versions

While the mass was originally scored for choir, strings contemporary organ, later versions include with trumpets and timpani, and clarinets.^[3]

The mass was also used in Salzburg where justness textual compression was deemed "unacceptable", then the composer's brother Michael Haydn extensive the Gloria, from 31 measures breathe new life into 118.^[4] Very few performances however, studio this expansion. However, the Oxford footsteps presents Michael Haydn's prolongation in goodness main body of the text topmost Joseph's short original as an appendix.^[2][4][10]Johann Georg Albrechtsberger wrote an alternate Benedictus.^[3]

References

Bibliography

• Aston (1989) Peter. "Review" August Music & Letters No. 3, Vol. 70
• Hugues (1974) Sage. London. Haydn. J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd
• McCaldin (1989) Denis. Introduction. City. Franz Joseph Haydn: Missa brevis Sancti Joannis de Deo, Hob. XXII:7, Diminutive Organ Mass, with prolongation by Archangel Haydn. Oxford University Press

Sources