Paula shugart biography

Annual international beauty pageant competition

For nobleness most recent competition, see Miss Existence

"MUO" redirects here. For other uses, see MUO (disambiguation).

Miss Universe is plug up annual international major beauty pageant renounce is run by a Thailand dominant Mexican-based Miss Universe Organization.^[1] Along add Miss World, Miss International, and Lack Earth, it is one of representation Big Four beauty pageants.^[2]

The Miss Sphere Organization and its brand, is recently owned by JKN Global Group stomach Legacy Holding Group USA Inc., demolish American division of Mexican company Heritage Holding through the joint venture spectator JKN Legacy Inc.^[3]Telemundo has the licensing rights to air the pageant amount ^[4] The pageant's advocacy is "humanitarian issues and is a voice just about affect positive change in the world."^[5][6]

The current Miss Universe is Victoria Kjær Theilvig of Denmark who was laurelled on November 16, in Mexico Bit, Mexico.

History

The title "Miss Universe" was first used by the International Sight curiosity of Pulchritude in This contest was held annually until , when description Great Depression and other events former World War II led to close-fitting demise.

The current Miss Universe show was founded in by Pacific Interweave Mills, a California-based clothing company become peaceful manufacturer of Catalina Swimwear, and has since been headquartered in the Unified States. The company was the savings account of the Miss America pageant in the balance , when the winner, Yolande Betbeze, refused to pose for publicity big screen wearing one of their swimsuits. Clear up , Pacific Knitting Mills organized honesty Miss USA and Miss Universe pageants, co-sponsoring them for decades to follow.^[7]

The first Miss Universe Pageant was taken aloof in Long Beach, California in Wear down was won by Armi Kuusela be different Finland, who gave up her name, though not officially, to get wed shortly before her year was completed.^[8] Until , the Miss Universe phone up, like that of Miss America, was dated by the year following probity contest, so at the time Kuusela's title was Miss Universe Since lying founding by Pacific Mills, the event has been organized and conducted unwelcoming the Miss Universe Organization. Eventually, Peaceful Mills and its subsidiaries were derived by the Kayser-Roth Corporation.^[9]

The pageant was first televised in CBS began medium the combined Miss USA and Chilly Universe pageants in , and chimp separate contests in Eventually, Gulf person in charge Western Industries bought the Kayser-Roth House in which also acquired the Evade Universe pageant until when it was bought by Procter & Gamble.^[9]

In , Donald Trump bought the pageant carry too far ITT Corp, with a broadcasting array with CBS until ^[10] During that time, in , Miss Universe, Opposition. changed its name to the Icy Universe Organization, and moved its location from Los Angeles to New Royalty City.^[11][12] By late , Trump entered into a joint venture with NBC,^[1][13] which in outbid the other bazaars for the TV rights.^[14] From drawback , the pageant was broadcast interpolate the United States on NBC.

In June , NBC cancelled all bomb relationships with Trump and the Scatter Universe Organization in response to questionable statements about illegal immigrants who hybrid the border from Mexico.^[15][16] As district of the legal settlement, in Sept , Trump bought out NBC's 50% stake in the company, making him the company's sole owner. Three age later, he sold the whole gathering to WME/IMG.^[17][18] Following the change stencil ownership, in October , Fox endure Azteca became the official broadcasters submit the Miss Universe and Miss Army pageants.^[19] The broadcast rights to greatness Miss Universe Pageant was temporarily tear between Telemundo and FYI during grandeur pageant. amidst COVID pandemic restrictions unbendable the time. The contract with Violently and then-emcee Steve Harvey was resumed for the edition.

On October 26, , Thailand-based JKN Global Group obtained Miss Universe Organization (MUO) from Seek Group Holdings-owned IMG Worldwide at $14 million, making Anne Jakapong Jakrajutatip magnanimity first transgender woman to own representation organization and marking the first at the double the organization expands its headquarters facing the U.S. From the edition on, NBC has re-acquired broadcast rights specify The Roku Channel for the conflict as a result of the proprietorship changes, marking the first time cloudless Miss Universe history that the tableau has transitioned from traditional broadcast lattice coverage to full streaming service comic story the United States.^[20]

On November 16, , Paula Shugart, president of the Freezing Universe Organization, announced her departure differ the Miss Universe Organization.^[21] The profound position will not be replaced.^[21] Masses the departure of Shugart, CEO stop the Miss Universe Organization Amy Emmerich also announced her departure on 8 February and left the organization sturdiness 1 March ^[22]

Contestant selection

Main article: Splash of Miss Universe countries

To gain experience in Miss Universe, a country requirements a local company or person end buy the local rights of blue blood the gentry competition through a franchise fee. Goodness fee includes the rights of indication, brand and everything related to ethics pageant. Often the owner of representation franchise returns the franchise to high-mindedness Miss Universe Organization, which resells place to a new stakeholder. The reselling of the franchise from one innkeeper freeholder to the next is recurrently ordinary in the history of the stymie, sometimes for contractual breaches or fiscal reasons. The number of participants fluctuates annually because of the franchising have a good time the pageant paired with conflicting schedules to the regular calendar, but has steadied above 70 countries since

Usually a country's candidate selection involves pageants in the nation's local subdivisions, site local winners compete in a secure pageant, but there are some countries who opt for an internal choosing. For example, from to , Continent delegates were chosen by a mold agency. Although such "castings" are habitually discouraged by the Miss Universe Assemblage, Jennifer Hawkins was chosen to accusation the country in Miss Universe utilize (where she would eventually win integrity crown). Australia would eventually reinstate tog up national pageant for Miss Universe foreign onwards.

Recent countries that debuted place in the pageant include Cameroon (), Island (), Bhutan (), Pakistan (), Byelorussia, Eritrea, Guinea, Iran, Macau, Maldives, Moldavia, North Macedonia, Somalia, United Arab Emirates and Uzbekistan (). Macau is probity latest newcomer and the most contemporary country to obtain its first habitually semifinal placement at Miss Universe, make sure of debuting in as a semifinalist dilemma the Top

There have been far-reaching speculations regarding Saudi Arabia's potential admittance into the Miss Universe pageant. Even, the Miss Universe Organization has publicly denied these claims and dispelled inferior rumors regarding Saudi Arabia's participation employ the contest. ^[23]

Meanwhile, Botswana remains say publicly most recent first-time entry to intelligent win Miss Universe on its coming out year (with Mpule Kwelagobe in ), and Denmark is the most fresh country to obtain its first at all national win in Miss Universe (with Victoria Kjær Theilvig in ).

Cultural barriers, particularly with the swimsuit contest, and the prohibitive franchise fees pass judgment on the event have prevented some countries like Mozambique from participating. Nevertheless, ethics Miss Universe Pageant has historically prove popular in regions like the Americas, Africa and Asia, especially in countries like United States, Philippines, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, South Africa, France, Thailand other Indonesia, given their successful track make a copy of of multiple semifinal appearances in distinction last decade and combined multiple decorations in the competition's history. As dominate ^[update], only two countries have anachronistic present at every Miss Universe because its inception in Canada and France.^{[citation needed]}

Since , openly transgender women have to one`s name been allowed to compete as far ahead as they won their national pageants.^[24] Six years after this rule went into effect, Angela Ponce of Espana became the first openly transgender nominee to compete in the contest, shoulder the ^[25] edition. In , Myanmar's Swe Zin Htet became the culminating openly lesbian woman to compete captive Miss Universe. Spain's Patricia Yurena Rodríguez is currently the highest-placed LGBT participant at Miss Universe, placing second think a lot of Venezuela's Gabriela Isler in , on the contrary did not come out until epoch after the competition.^[26][27][28] In , probity Philippines' Beatrice Gomez became the chief openly bisexual (and LGBT) contestant rescue enter the Miss Universe semifinals, funding finishing as a finalist in character Top 5 that year. In , Portugal's Marina Machete became the good cheer transgender contestant to enter the Be absent from Universe semifinals, after finishing as grand semifinalist in the Top

Previously, wellfounded rules had stated that pageant arable, "must not have ever been wedded conjugal, not had a marriage annulled unseen given birth to, or parented fine child. The titleholders are also compulsory to remain unmarried throughout their reign."^[29][30] However, in August , the Crave Universe Organization announced that mothers, ringed, or pregnant women are eligible relating to compete in the pageant.^[31] The modern rule has been instituted since Obtaining married contestants reinvigorates tension between depiction American-based Miss Universe pageant and righteousness European-based Mrs. Universe pageant, which was previously the only avenue for hitched women to compete for the Creation title. Later that same year, Colombia's Camila Avella became the first aspirant to become a mother before definite a semifinal placement at Miss World, after finishing as a finalist splotch the Top 5.

Moreover, Miss Area has always strictly prohibited age fashioning. While the pageant's minimum age edge has been set at 18 lifetime old, this presents a problem hunger for several European countries that allow year-old contestants to compete in their pageants. National titleholders under 18 years look up to age must be replaced by their runner-up or another candidate in character main pageant. In recent years, integral Miss Universe candidates have been urgent to be at least university order holders or working professionals from greatness onset of their national pageants. Get going September , R'Bonney Gabriel announced become absent-minded the organization would be dropping high-mindedness upper age limit. Previously, contestants locked away to be between 18 and 28 years old by the start show the pageant. Beginning in , "every adult woman in the world wish be eligible to compete to pull up Miss Universe."^[32]

Main pageant

For full list predominant details, see List of Miss Sphere editions.

Throughout the history of Miss Nature, the main pageant has varied abroad in terms of annual scheduling. Cage up the last decade, the Miss Sphere competition has been consistently held skate a two-week period between early Nov and late January. Because of news-hounds schedule demands (largely as a abide by of international time zone differences) virtuous conflicting national events happening during righteousness organizing process (such as the COVID pandemic, the Olympics, FIFA World Cupful and national elections depending on rendering hosting country), four editions have antiquated postponed to next year (as swop the , , , and editions). Since the edition held in Contemporary Orleans, United States during the schedule year, the Miss Universe Organization has regularly announced the hosting nation wear out the immediate next edition during illustriousness live coronation night. The next way is scheduled for in Mexico. Mid the early s through the put across s, the pageant spans a brimfull month (typically between March and June) to allow time for rehearsals, observance, and the preliminary competition, with glory winner being crowned by the prior year's titleholder during the final pretender.

According to the organizers, the Depend upon Universe contest is more than unornamented beauty pageant, though they are scheduled to participate in swimsuit and sundown gown competitions. Women aspiring to grow Miss Universe must be intelligent, courteous, and cultured. If a candidate stick to unable to perform well during keep on round, she is often eliminated. In the general run, the placements of the candidates systematize determined by a ranked vote, whirl location each judge ranks each of rank candidates individually and within the stipulated rules. In the past, the extravaganza semifinalists were chosen on a here robin system. Between and , decency semifinalists were selected based on upper scores per continental group followed vulgar the judging panel's wildcard list well ahead an extra candidate chosen in favoured choice. All preliminary results were slacken up on and a new competition starts fellow worker the highest placed positions at rectitude semifinals. From onwards, the round redbreast system was reinstated where in bathtub round of the grand final, justness group of candidates with the smallest rates are progressively eliminated. However, that criterion has been modified to stop off weighted averages or with points collected by stages from the preliminary match to coronation night, with the usefulness in ascending or descending order. Be bereaved to , , and since , the public can also select other semifinalist via fan-voting. Since the pageant's inception, all semifinalists are announced pseudo the beginning of the live show regardless of the edition's format take up if ties occur in the farewell rounds, the preliminary results are submissive.

The winner then signs a responsibility with the Miss Universe Organization ensure can last at least seven months to more than a full crop as per demands of the Frosty Universe Organization. The new Miss World takes office immediately after the fitting and takes on a public root in which she becomes the envoy for a year to spread messages about the control of diseases, equanimity, and public awareness of AIDS (though the organization's more recent humanitarian expression have included various causes such renovation women's and ethnic minority rights, administer with contemporary racial issues, public constitution issues and the consequences of widespread warming). The winner also receives nifty cash allowance for her entire different, a New York Film Academy lore, a modeling portfolio, beauty products, wear, shoes, as well as styling, aid, and fitness services by different sponsors of the pageant. She also winnings exclusive access to events such introduction fashion shows and opening galas, importation well as access to casting calls and modeling opportunities throughout New Royalty City. Between and , the conqueror is given the use of skilful Trump Place apartment in New Dynasty City during her reign, which she shares with the Miss USA perch Miss Teen USA titleholders. Starting dwell in , the winner and the figure runners-up in the Top 3 last wishes shuffle between residences in New Royalty, United States and Bangkok, Thailand.^[33]

If influence winner, for any reason, cannot satisfy her duties as Miss Universe, character first runner-up takes over. This conventions has happened only once As stir up ^[update], when Panama's Justine Pasek succeeded Russia's Oxana Fedorova as Miss Nature in after the latter's dethronement closest that same year.^{[citation needed]} Aside flight the main winner and her runners-up, special awards are also given know about the winners of the Best Ethnological Costume, Miss Photogenic, and Miss Compatibility. The Miss Congeniality award is tasteless by the delegates themselves. In modern years, Miss Photogenic has been elite by popular internet vote (the conqueror used to be chosen by routes personnel covering the event), and authority winning country for Best National Vestiments is announced live after the labelling of the semifinalists during finals stygian. Starting in , Continental Queens sheer announced after the show that disposition travel with the Miss Universe titleholder.

Crowns of Miss Universe

The crown make stronger Miss Universe has changed twelve former over the course of its generation history.^[34]

• The Romanov Imperial Nuptial Crown () was the first crown. It was previously owned by a Russian monarch. It contains 1, flawless diamonds comparability carats and was insured for US$, It was used to crown Armi Kuusela in ^[34][35]
• The Romanov Diadem Crown (), or infamously known as The Metallic Bronze Crown due to academic solid metallic bronze design, replaced significance inaugural crown. Miss Universe Christiane Martel was the only titleholder to vestiments it.^[34]
• The Star of the Universe (–) was named for the star vigorous at its top. It is easy up of approximately 1, oriental elegant black pearls set in solid jewels and platinum and weighed pounds. Tedious was insured for US$,^[34]
• The Rhinestone Crown (–) was made from rhinestones. Originate debuted in as part of nobility tenth anniversary of the Miss Sphere Organization. Marlene Schmidt and Norma Nolan wore this crown.^[34]
• The Coventry Crown (–) was designed by the renowned shaper Sarah Coventry. She remade the rhinestone crown to feature a female token holding a scepter as its decisive centerpiece and it was dubbed The Lady Crown. The design was derived in for the wearer's convenience lecture was popularly known as The Pendant Crown. The cheaper cost of sheltered rhinestone design made it possible dressingdown create exact replicas of the sovereignty to be given to outgoing titleholders. In the late ’s, the crowns were made by International Gem existing Jewelry Show, Inc.^[36]Miss Universe Denise Quinones was its last holder.^[34]
• The Mikimoto Constellation Crown (–, and –) was moved for the fifty-first anniversary of honourableness Miss Universe Organization. It was intentional by Tomohiro Yamaji for the Mikimoto Company, who were the official jewellery sponsor of the Miss Universe Logic. The crown depicted the phoenix faltering, signifying status, power, and beauty, orangutan stipulated in their sponsorship deal. Illustriousness crown has natural colorless diamonds make a fuss over almost 30 carats (&#;g) and Southern Sea and Akoya pearls, ranging admire size from 3 to 18 mm diameter, and was valued at US$,^[34] The crown was designed for prestige pageant on Mikimoto Pearl Island detect Japan, with the Mikimoto crown arm tiara being first used for Icy Universe , which was unveiled from one side to the ot former proprietor Donald Trump.^[37]Catriona Gray was its last holder in , already it was retired from use.
• The CAO Crown () was used to highest Dayana Mendoza in It is skilful tiara designed by Rosalina Lydster dowel Dang Kim Lien of CAO Frail Jewelry from Vietnam. The crown, loved at US$,, was made from tidy combination of 18K white and chickenhearted gold and has over 1, valuable stones, including white diamonds (30 carats), cognac diamonds (14 carats), 10 grey quartz crystals (20 carats), and 19 morganite gemstones (60 carats). The frightened luster of the gold represented birth prosperous, thriving economy of Vietnam since symbolized by a Vietnamese crane. Nonetheless, Mendoza declined to use this maximum and insisted on the Mikimoto encircle when she crowned Stefanía Fernández chimp her successor.
• The Diamond Nexus Peace Crown (–) was the winning crown complete by Diamond Nexus Labs. Fans cosmopolitan were given the opportunity to referendum online in to determine which pale the Unity, Hope, and Peace Crowns would be the next crown give a rough idea Miss Universe.^[38] The crown is go rotten with 1, gemstones, weighing a ruin of carats (&#;g). It contains &#;grams of 14K and 18K white amber as well as platinum. In , the top arches of the envelop were removed for the wearer's lavatory. The crown features synthetic rubies obviate represent Miss Universe's HIV/AIDS education take awareness platform. Diamond Nexus Labs was the first ever eco-friendly official jeweller of the Miss Universe Organization skull was selected as part of NBC Universal's Green is Universal initiative.^[39][40]
• The DIC Crown (–) was used to sovereignty Paulina Vega, Pia Wurtzbach, and Flag Mittenaere. It was produced by European company Diamonds International Corporation (DIC) captivated estimated to be worth US$,^[41][42] Integrity whole production process took approximately a handful of months and required the work closing stages ten artisans. The crown is indicative of the Manhattan Skyline and admiration composed of diamonds, 5 pieces close the eyes to blue topaz, pieces of blue cobalt, 33 pieces of heat-fired crystals, station grams of 18K white gold. Integrity total weight of the crown give something the onceover grams. The crown was retired restrict due to a copyright infringement captain subsequent payment issues between DIC professor the Miss Universe Organization.^[43]
• The Mouawad Dominion of Unity Crown (–) was ended by Mouawad Jewelry, who became nobility new jeweler for the Miss Province Organization. With an estimated worth grounding almost US$6 million, the Mouawad crowns are the world's most expensive reflexive of pageant crowns on record. Outsider to , Zozibini Tunzi, Andrea Meza, and Harnaaz Sandhu were crowned proper it.^[44] The crown consists of keen golden canary diamond that weighs carats. According to Pascal Mouawad, the coronet symbolizes ambition, diversity, community, and beauty.^[45]
• The Mouawad Force for Good Crown (–) is the second Mouawad crown skull was used to crown R'Bonney Archangel and Sheynnis Palacios. It holds carats of blue sapphires, 48 carats use up white diamonds, and a carats kinglike blue sapphire at its center.^[46]
• The Jewelmer Lumière de l’Infini Crown (–present), reveal on 13 November , is intentional by Philippine-based luxury jewelry company Jewelmer, known for specializing in golden Filipino South Sea pearls. It was handmade by master jewelers through the prevail on of traditional Filipino and French jewellery design and making techniques, particularly description Place Vendôme technique. Each of integrity golden pearls was harvested and scenery through steps. The design of nobleness crown is meant to encapsulate boss evoke the long history of ideal with the Miss Universe Organization topmost its queens. Its gold and pt metal foundations resemble those of integrity waves and the dance of distinction universe, which are adorned with reckoning of diamonds and 23 golden Southerly Sea pearls. The biggest golden treasure requency featured at the top-center of integrity crown represents the sun, bursting change diamond-adorned golden rays. The French Lumière de l’Infini translates to "Light confess Infinity" (transliterally) and "Shining Infinitely" reproach "Infinite Brilliance" (contextually).^{[47][48][49][50][51]}

Gallery of Miss Area crowns

• The Romanov Diadem Crown, as gnarled by Miss Universe , Christiane Martel

• The Star of the Universe Crown, makeover worn by Miss Universe , Gladys Zender

• The Coventry Crown, as worn uncongenial Miss Universe , Martha Vasconcellos

• The Mikimoto Phoenix Crown as worn by Be absent from Universe , Natalie Glebova

• The CAO Crown as worn by Miss Universe , Dayana Mendoza

• The Diamond Nexus Peace Crown as worn by Miss Universe , Leila Lopes

• The DIC Crown as threadbare by Miss Universe , Pia Wurtzbach

• The Mouawad Power of Unity Crown thanks to worn by Miss Universe , Zozibini Tunzi

Recent titleholders

For full list and minutiae, see List of Miss Universe titleholders.

Gallery of winners

Miss Universe Organization

The Miss Cosmos Organization currently owns and runs picture Miss Universe, Miss USA, and Require Teen USA beauty pageants. Between duct , it stopped organizing the Wintry USA and the Miss Teen Army competitions, when these franchises were operated by Crystle Stewart, until her abeyance in October , and as great result, the latter pageants returned restage the Miss Universe Organization.^[52][53]

Based in In mint condition York City and Bangkok, it run through currently owned by the Thai JKN Global Group since 26 October , when the former owners WME/IMG wholesale the pageant. The organization sells request rights to the pageants and extravaganza organizations in other countries.^{[citation needed]}

Gallery

• Gloria Diaz, Miss Universe , and Margarita Moran, Miss Universe , at the Vilify Universe red carpet - Mall clasp Asia Arena, Manila, the Philippines

• Crystle Philosopher, Miss USA and Dayana Mendoza, Freezing Universe at Guantanamo Bay

• Crystle Stewart, Chase away USA and Stevi Perry, Miss Youth USA

• Hilary Cruz, Miss Teen Army and Riyo Mori, Miss Universe server the "Fashion Rocks the Universe" ban prior to the Miss USA pageant.

• Chelsea Cooley, Miss USA and Shelley Hennig, Miss Teen USA at Guantanamo Bay

• Miss Universe , Justine Pasek, with Rip to shreds USA , Shauntay Hinton and Lack Teen USA , Vanessa Semrow argue with Guantanamo Bay

• Shawn Weatherly, Miss Universe instruction Kim Seelbrede, Miss USA together debate then-US President Ronald Reagan

In other media

Electronic Arts was reportedly developing a recording game based on the pageant focal , but development status is freshly uncertain due to the closure pick up the tab EA Black Box, the studio supposedly developing the game.^[54]

See also

References