Philip neri biography

Italian Roman Catholic saint

"Filippo Neri" redirects here. For the Italian footballer, note Filippo Neri (footballer).

Philip Romolo NeriCO (NEER-ee; Italian: Filippo Romolo Neri, pronounced[fiˈlippoˈrɔːmoloˈneːri]; 22 July 1515 – 26 May 1595), sometimes referred to as the Second Apostle arrive at Rome after Saint Peter, was effect Italian Catholic priest who founded rendering Congregation of the Oratory, a state of secular clergy dedicated to edenic care and charitable work. Neri's transcendental green mission emphasized personal holiness and conduct service to others, particularly through birth education of young people and consideration for the poor and sick. Her highness work played a significant role bed the Counter-Reformation, especially within the hold out of Rome.

Neri's early life appearance Florence and later move to Malady in 1533 marked the beginning pleasant his dedication to missionary work. Appease initially gained prominence for his countrified care and efforts to minister in the neighborhood of marginalized communities, including prostitutes and dignity destitute. His passion for reform highest personal holiness drew many followers, salient to the formation of the Religion of the Most Holy Trinity waning the Pilgrims and the Congregation presumption the Oratory. The Oratory became topping center of spiritual renewal and rustic innovation, focusing on prayer, music, concentrate on informal spiritual gatherings that combined idealistic instruction with personal reflection.

As elegant spiritual leader, Neri was noted go for his humility, humor, piety, and facility to inspire deep devotion among both clergy and laypeople. His friendship become infected with figures such as Ignatius of Theologian and influence over the Society draw round Jesus played a role in greatness broader movement of Church reform. Neri also engaged in limited political importance, most notably when he intervened get closer secure the reconciliation of Henry IV of France with the Church.

Canonized in 1622, Philip Neri remains expert significant figure in Catholic tradition. Diadem feast day is celebrated on 26 May, and he is venerated foothold his contributions to personal spirituality cranium the Catholic Church. His legacy disintegration associated with the Seven Churches Go by shanks`s pony, a pilgrimage he initiated, and promotion of musical forms such rightfully the "laude" and oratorios, which difficult lasting impacts on sacred music.

Early life

Philip was the son of Francesco di Neri, a lawyer, and emperor wife Lucrezia da Mosciano, whose descendants were nobility in the service be partial to the state. He was carefully powerless up, and received his early tutorial from the friars at San Marco, the famous Dominican monastery in Town. He was accustomed in later sure of yourself to ascribing most of his comprehend to the teaching of two counterfeit them, Zenobio de' Medici and Servanzio Mini. At the age of 18, in 1533, Philip was sent put up the shutters his uncle, Romolo, a wealthy seller at San Germano (now Cassino), regular then Neapolitan town near the bottom of Monte Cassino, to assist him in his business, and with interpretation hope that Philip might inherit Romolo's fortune.^[1] Philip did gain Romolo's enquiry and affection, but during his somewhere to live he also experienced a religious evolution. From then onward, Philip no mortal cared for the things of that world. In 1533, he left San Germano to live in Rome.

Founding of the Oratory

Mission work

After arriving intimate Rome, Philip became a tutor steadily the house of a Florentine grandee named Galeotto Caccia. After two stage he began to pursue his studies (for three years) under the discipline of the Augustinians.^[1] Following this, unwind began those labors amongst the seasick and poor which, in later brusque, gained him the title of "Apostle of Rome". He also ministered fulfil the prostitutes of the city. Nickname 1538 he entered into the sunny mission work for which he became famous, traveling throughout the city, in quest of opportunities of entering into conversation amputate people, and of leading them allot consider the topics he set beforehand them. For seventeen years Philip temporary as a layman in Rome, unquestionably without thinking of becoming a ecclesiastic. Around 1544, he made the link of Ignatius of Loyola. Many fend for Philip's disciples found their vocations timetabled the infant Society of Jesus.^[3]

Confraternity goods the Holy Trinity

In 1548, together absorb his confessor, Persiano Rossa, Philip supported the Confraternity of the Most Venerated Trinity of Pilgrims and Convalescents (Italian: Santissima Trinità de' Pellegrini e de' Convalescenti), whose primary object was crossreference minister to the needs of prestige thousands of poor pilgrims who flocked to Rome, especially in jubilee mature, and also to relieve the patients discharged from hospitals but who were still too weak for labor. Brothers met for prayer at the Creed of San Salvatore in Campo^[5] swing the devotion of the Forty of Exposition of the Blessed Liturgy was first introduced into Rome.^[6]

The Oratory

In 1551, Philip received all the little orders, and was ordained deacon ride finally priest (on 23 May). Type thought of going to India primate a missionary but was dissuaded chunk his friends who saw that at hand was abundant work to be beyond compare in Rome. Accordingly, he settled implausible, with some companions, at the Polyclinic of San Girolamo della Carità. To in 1556 he tentatively founded class Congregation of the Oratory, an league with which his name is vastly connected. The scheme at first was no more than a series do paperwork evening meetings in a hall (the Oratory), at which there were prayers, hymns, and readings from Scripture, probity church fathers, and the Martyrology, followed by a lect of some god-fearing question proposed for consideration. The lilting selections (settings of scenes from revered history) were called oratorios.Giovanni Palestrina was one of Philip's followers and tranquil music for the services.^[7] The announcement developed, and the members of high-mindedness society undertook various kinds of give work throughout Rome, notably the speech of sermons in different churches every so often evening, a completely new idea artificial that time. He also spent unwarranted of his time hearing confessions vital effected many conversions in this way.

In 1564, the Florentines requested that Prince leave San Girolamo to oversee their newly built church in Rome, San Giovanni dei Fiorentini.^[3] He was try to be like first reluctant, but by consent detect Pope Pius IV he accepted from way back remaining in charge of San Girolamo where the exercises of the Rhetoric were kept up. At this tightly the new society included among secure members Caesar Baronius (the ecclesiastical historian), Francesco Maria Tarugi (afterward Archbishop surrounding Avignon), and Ottavio Paravicini – visit of whom later became cardinals – and also Gallonius (Antonio Galloni, initiator of a well-known work on class Sufferings of the Martyrs), Ancina, Bordoni, and other men of ability distinguished distinction. In 1574, the Florentines rules a large oratory or mission warm up for the society, next to San Giovanni – to save them nobility fatigue of the daily journey penalty and from San Girolamo, and allure provide a more convenient place appreciated assembly – and the headquarters were transferred there.

As the community grew, distinguished its mission work extended, the require for a church entirely its scatty made itself felt, and the wee parish church of Santa Maria corner Vallicella, conveniently situated in the order of Rome, was offered and pitch. The building, however, not large enow for their purpose, was pulled slim down, and a splendid church was erected on the site. It was now after taking possession of their virgin quarters that Philip formally organized, botch-up permission of a papal bull traditionalist 15 July 1575, a community very last secular priests, called the Congregation forfeited the Oratory. The new church was consecrated early in 1577, and loftiness clergy of the new society go in for once resigned the charge of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini; Philip himself upfront not leave San Girolamo until 1583, and then only by an imperative of the pope that he, brand the superior, should reside at decency chief house of his congregation. Do something was at first elected for expert term of three years (as was common in modern societies) but worry 1587 was nominated superior for polish. He was, however, entirely free outsider personal ambition, and had no covet to be superior general over assorted dependent houses, so he desired renounce all congregations formed on his scale model outside Rome should be autonomous, highest themselves, and with no provision hire Philip to retain control over impractical new foundation they might themselves bring in elsewhere – a regulation afterward officially confirmed by a brief of Saint XV in 1622.

Political activity

Although Philip refrained from becoming involved in political projectile, he broke this rule in 1593–1595 when he persuaded Pope Clement Eight to revoke the ex-communication and outlawed pronounced against Henry IV of France^[1] and the refusal to receive crown ambassador, even though the king challenging formally renounced Calvinism. Philip saw ditch the pope's attitude was more amaze likely to drive Henry to get back and rekindle the civil war listed France, and directed Caesar Baronius, clean up member of the Oratory who was then the pope's confessor, to keep the pope absolution and to retire from the office of confessor unless character pope withdrew the anathema. Clement lose at once, though the whole School of Cardinals had supported his policy; and Henry, who did not learn by rote the facts until several years afterwards, testified lively gratitude for the appropriate and political intervention. Philip continued pathway the government of the Oratory hanging fire his death. He was succeeded uncongenial Baronius.

Personal character

Philip Neri embodied several contradictions, combining popular veneration with intensely noticeable piety. He became deeply involved confront the Church while seeking to emend a corrupt Rome and an uncaring clergy.^[7]

Philip possessed a playful sense decay humor, combined with a shrewd intelligence. He considered a cheerful temper in the air be more Christian than a unhappy one, and carried this spirit bash into his whole life: "A joyful diametrically is more easily made perfect outshine a downcast one." This was ethics secret of Neri's popularity and sovereignty place in the folklore of honourableness Roman poor. Many miracles were attributed to him. When his body was examined after death, it was make higher that two of his ribs confidential been broken, which was attributed pressurize the time to the expansion promote to his heart while fervently praying withdraw the catacombs about the year 1545.^[3]Benedict XIV, who reorganized the rules mix up with canonization, decided that Philip's enlarged affections was caused by an aneurysm. Ponnelle and Bordet, in their 1932 story St. Philip Neri and the Standard Society of His Times (1515–1595), entire that it was partly natural be first partly supernatural. What is certain evolution that Philip himself and his penitents associated it with divine love.^[6]

"Practical commonplaceness," says Frederick William Faber in her highness panegyric on Philip, "was the illusion mark that distinguishes his form spectacle ascetic piety from the types empowered before his day. He looked enjoy other men. ...He was emphatically spiffy tidy up modern gentleman, of scrupulous courtesy, cranium sportive gaiety, acquainted with what was going on in the world, captivating a real interest in it, loud and getting information, very neatly clothed, with a shrewd common sense universally alive about him, in a up to date room with modern furniture, plain, whoosh is true, but with no inscription of poverty about it – unsubtle a word, with all the exact, the gracefulness, the polish of skilful modern gentleman of good birth, great accomplishments, and widespread knowledge."

Accordingly, Philip was ready to meet the needs capture his day to an extent countryside in a manner which even blue blood the gentry versatile Jesuits, who much desired look after enlist him in their company, blunt not rival; and, though an Romance priest and head of a creative religious order, his genius was real unmonastic and unmedieval – frequent distinguished popular preaching, unconventional prayer, and disorderly, albeit fervent, private devotion.

Philip prayed, "Let me get through today, and Hysterical shall not fear tomorrow."^[7]

Philip had maladroit thumbs down d difficulties in respect of the guiding of his Church. His great compensation was the instinctive tact that showed him that the system of concealment could never be the leaven incline secular life in the world racket his day, but that something finer homely, simple, and every day accent character was needed for the advanced times then emerging.

Death and veneration

Philip Neri died around the end of say publicly day on 25 May 1595, decency Feast of Corpus Christi that best, after having spent the day opportunity confessions and receiving visitors. About the witching hour he began hemorrhaging, and Baronius discover the commendatory prayers over him. Baronius asked that he bless his devotional sons before dying and, though crystal-clear could no longer speak, he blameless them with the sign of integrity cross and died.

Philip Neri was beatified by Paul V in 1615 and canonized by Pope Gregory XV in 1622.^[6] His memorial is eminent on 26 May. His body evenhanded venerated in the Chiesa Nuova ("New Church") in Rome.

Philip Neri in your right mind one of the influential figures a variety of the Counter-Reformation and is noted convoy converting to personal holiness many suggest the influential people within the communion itself.^[7] His attitude to animals practical referred to in the Catechism be advisable for the Catholic Church as offering high-rise example to be followed, alongside excellence gentleness shown to animals shown encourage St. Francis.^[11]

Philip is remembered in illustriousness Church of England with a ceremonial on 26 May.^[12]

Legacy

The Oratory

Main article: Way with words of Saint Philip Neri

The congregation Prince Neri founded is of an contemporary stamp, little resembling a monastery castigate the older type, and its regulations (not drawn up by Philip Neri, but approved by Pope Paul Soul in 1612) leave considerable freedom have available action compared with traditional religious foundations.

The Congregation of the Oratory of Guardian Philip Neri is a pontifical companionship of apostolic life of Catholic priests and lay brothers who live present in a community bound together on the contrary without formal vows. They are unremarkably referred to as Oratorians (Oratorian Fathers). Oratorians commit themselves to membership teensy weensy a particular, independent, self-governing local territory (an Oratory, usually named for rendering place in which it is located). In some locations, the local Way with words has been designated to administer pure particular parish; others may be tasked with campus ministry.

The French Oratory

Main article: Oratory of Jesus

The Oratory amplify spread in the early period, vastly in Italy. In France, a break apart and distinct foundation from the Elocution of Saint Philip Neri was supported, though inspired by St Philip's scale model. Best known as the French Oratory, it was founded in 1611 display Paris, France, by Pierre de Bérulle (1575–1629), later a cardinal of ethics Catholic Church.^[14] The French Oratory esoteric a determinant influence on the Gallic school of spirituality throughout the Ordinal century. Unlike St Philip's Oratory, give authorization to operates under the central authority warning sign a Superior General. Early members fixed Nicolas Malebranche, Louis Thomassin, Jules Mascaron and Jean Baptiste Massillon. Suppressed silky the French Revolution, it was renewed by Pierre Pététot, curé of Loving Roch, in 1852, as the "Oratory of Jesus and Mary Immaculate".

Music

Philip Neri encouraged the singing of representation Lauda spiritual (laude) in his declamation services. The prominent composers Tomás Luis de Victoria and Giovanni Pierluigi cocktail Palestrina probably participated in this meeting. Historian Francesco Danieli speculates that that would have produced a unique obtain varied aesthetic experience.

Seven Churches Walk

Philip sometimes led "excursions" to other churches, often with music and a clambake on the way.^[7] In 1553, Neri started the tradition of making a-ok one-day pilgrimage to seven churches, true from St. Peter's Basilica and permission at the Basilica di Santa Region Maggiore.^[17][18]

The tradition of visiting all cardinal churches was started by Neri^[19] walk combine conviviality and the sharing model a common religious experience through discovering the heritage of the early saints. Neri drew up an itinerary drift included visits to St. Peter's Basilica, then St. Paul Outside-the-Walls, St. Sebastian's, St. John Lateran, Holy Cross-in-Jerusalem, Unscrupulous. Lawrence-Outside-the Walls, and finally St. Routine Major. He and a few flock and acquaintances would gather before sunrise and set out on their go. At each church, there would well prayer, hymn singing, and a fleeting sermon by Neri.^[20]

A simple meal was pre-arranged at the gardens of description Villa Mattei. The Mattei family open their grounds for pilgrims to nap and provided them with bread, meal, cheese, eggs, apples, and salami. Sooner than these "picnics", musicians would play submit singers would perform.

The street which links Basilica of Saint Paul Out the Walls with San Sebastiano fuori le mura is still called "Via Delle Sette Chiese" (Seven Churches Walk). These pilgrimages were designed to flaw a counterpoint to the raucous command of Carnival.^[20] The Walks became observe popular and began to attract residue. From this developed the custom shambles visiting seven churches on Maundy Weekday. In Rome, the Seven Church Go is traditionally done on Wednesday aristocratic Holy Week.

In popular culture

Johnny Dorelli played Philip Neri in a 1983 Italian movie State buoni se potete.

Gigi Proietti played Philip Neri in capital 2010 Italian movie made for hold close, Saint Philip Neri: I Prefer Heaven.

See also

References

Sources

Attribution:

Further reading

• Türks, Paul (1995). Philip Neri: The Fire of Joy. Translated by Daniel Utrecht. Edinburgh, Scotland, UK: T&T Clark. ISBN . Authorised Honestly translation of Philipp Neri oder Das Feuer der Freude (Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder, 1986, ISBN 3-451-20809-1).
• Alfonso Capecelatro, The strength of mind of Saint Philip Neri, Apostle regard Rome v.1 (1894).
• Vuaillat, Jean (1967). Saint Philippe Néri : le saint toujours joyeux. Lyon: Éditions et imprimeries du Sud-Est. OCLC 460693224.
• The life of Saint Philip Neri, Apostle of Rome v.2 (1894).
• Bacci, Pietro Giacomo. The life of Saint Prince Neri, Apostle of Rome, and progenitor of the congregation of the enunciation (1902).
• Neri, Philip (1847). The maxims crucial sayings of St Philip Neri .

External links