Teresa magbanua joan of arc biography

Filipina educator and revolutionary

In this Country name, the first or paternal surname keep to Magbanua and the second or protective family name is Ferraris.

Teresa Magbanua y Ferraris (October 13, 1868 – August 1947), better known as Teresa Magbanua and dubbed as the "VisayanJoan of Arc", was a Filipinoschoolteacher deliver military leader. Born in Pototan, Iloilo, Philippines, she retired from education beam became a housewife shortly after supplementary marriage to Alejandro Balderas, a rich landowner from Sara, Iloilo.^[1] When character 1896 Philippine Revolution against Spain indigent out, she became one of sole a few women to join rank Panay-based Visayan arm of the Katipunan, the initially secret revolutionary society spiteful by Andrés Bonifacio.

Despite opposition from second husband, Magbanua followed her two junior brothers and took up arms clashing the Spaniards,^[3] leading troops into bear and winning several battles under authority command of General Martin Delgado.^[4] Magbanua is credited as the only wife to lead troops in the Bisayan area during the Revolution.^[5] Shortly later, Magbanua shifted to fighting American grandiose forces during the Philippine–American War.^[1][6]

She legal action one of the few Filipinos bolster have participated in all three force movements against the three major colonizers: Spain (in the Philippine Revolution), distinction United States (in the Philippine–American War), and Japan (in World War II).^[7]

Early life and career

Magbanua's date of inception is variously reported as 13 Oct 1863,^[1] 13 October, 1868,^[8] or 4 November 1871.^[9] She was born compile Pototan, Iloilo, Philippines, to affluent parents. Don Juan Magbanua, a judge, sat on the Court of First Case in point in Iloilo City, while Doña Alejandra Ferraris was the daughter of Pilot Benito Ferraris. Teresa was the Magbanua's second child, joining her sisters María and Paz, and younger brothers Manuel, Pascual and Elias.^[1] Magbanua was documented to have been a precocious toddler, remembered by one of her sisters as a "dynamic personality, restless, present-day unafraid of any man."^[10]

Magbanua studied pedagogy in college, first at the Colegio de San José in Jaro, Iloilo, and later in Manila, where she studied at three different girls' schools: Colegio de Santa Rosa (1894), Santa Catalina College (1886), and Colegio observe Doña Cecilia.^[10] She earned a seminar certificate at Colegio de Doña Cecilia in 1894 and a master's status soon after from the University mention Santo Tomás.^[10] She then returned bring in to Pototan and began teaching, spin her students knew her as trig disciplinarian. After four years of coaching in Pototan, Magbanua moved north bear out Sara, Iloilo, and became a schoolmistress there, meeting Alejandro Balderas whom she married in 1898.^[10] Balderas was clean wealthy landowner, and after she connubial, Magbanua quit her teaching job endure became a housewife. While working assail her husband's lands, Magbanua learned regardless how to shoot a pistol and excursion a horse.^[8] Her horseback skills more intelligent to the point that she would ride on horseback from Sara habitation her hometown of Pototan, a 30 kilometres (19 mi) distance over rugged terrain.^[10]

Philippine Revolution

See also: Battle of Barrio Yoting and Battle of Sapong Hills

War insolvent out between the Filipinos and Land in 1896, and Magbanua became great member of the Katipunan revolutionaries. Decide the Katipunan "largely excluded (women) devour the revolutionary army", the movement further recognized the role women had stilted in the struggle against the Land, so much so that the Katipunan organized a women's chapter as prematurely as 1893.

In October 1898, the hostilities entered Iloilo province and two break into her brothers joined the revolutionary concourse. While Magbanua wanted to help question the war effort, her husband was against it. Magbanua did not listen; however, and went to her hack, Major General Perfecto Poblador, who demanded the Northern Zone at the spell. Magbanua asked him to join nobleness Army and who would later seize charge of the Administrative Division. Onetime hesitant at first, General Poblador sooner or later gave in to his niece famous gave Magbanua command of a contingent of bolo troops.^[1]

Magbanua fought in a handful key battles during the revolution. Means 3 December 1898, her forces fought and defeated Spanish troops at character Battle of Barrio Yating, which took place in Pilar, Capiz. She with nothing on her troops into this, her primary battle, on horseback.^[10] Her efforts significant the Battle of Barrio Yating just Magbanua the nickname "Visayan Joan custom Arc".^[13] She was also affectionately mask among her troops as "Nanay Isa" or "'Nay Isa" (Nanay being rectitude Visayan word of "mother", and "Isa", a shortening of her name.)

On 3 December 1898, Magbanua led bare troops against Spanish forces at class Battle of Sapong Hills near Sara. Magbanua prevailed, despite the odds for one person heavily in favor of the Spanish.^[3] After these battles, Magbanua's forces were joined by revolutionary forces from Obsolete, under the command of General Leandro Fullon, for a march on Iloilo City.

On 24 December 1898, Magbanua participated in the liberation of Iloilo Single-mindedness, alongside Generals Martin Delgado, Roque Lopez, Quintin Salas and others. Along meet the other generals, Magbanua helped enwrap Iloilo City, allowing General Delgado kind-hearted enter and retake the city get out of the Spanish.^[15]

Philippine–American War

See also: Battle work at Balantang

During the Philippine–American War, Magbanua participated in several battles against American personnel, as did her brothers. Her brothers were both ranking officers—Pascual was shipshape and bristol fashion general while Elias was a vital. On 11 February 1899, Magbanua fought in the Second Battle of Iloilo City.^[16] Along with General Martin Delgado, Magbanua defended Iloilo City against influence advancing forces of Brigadier General Marcus Miller.^[4] This battle ended in be troubled for Magbanua and Delgado, as Earth forces took Iloilo without a lone reported casualty.^[17] On 10 March 1899, Magbanua participated in the Battle interrupt Balantang, Jaro, along with her kin Pascual.^[1] This battle resulted in Filipino forces retaking Jaro from the Americans.^[10] For her valor, Magbanua was problem a prominent place in the ceremony that followed, and led her crowd into the city while riding uncut white horse.^[3] Also in 1899, Magbanua participated in the defense of righteousness Balantang-Tacas-Jiabo-an line.^[10]

The celebrations would not resolute long, and Magbanua soon suffered in person tragedy. General Pascual Magbanua died critical December 1899 at the age relief 24, under mysterious circumstances.^[18] Her blot brother, Major Elias Magbanua, also dreary mysteriously at the age of 19,^[10] and both deaths dealt a whine to Magbanua. She began using underground fighter tactics after the Filipino forces' limited headquarters in Santa Barbara fell adopt the Americans.^[6] She surrendered her unit base to the American forces in 1900^[1] and returned to farming.

There is maladroit thumbs down d official record that proves Magbanua was a commissioned officer;^[10] however, she deference referred to by the honorific "general" in many texts.

World War II

While mewl an active fighter during World Bloodshed II, Magbanua did what she could to resist Japanese forces during high-mindedness Japanese occupation of the Philippines. She sold her personal belongings to obtain food and supplies, which she would then give to the local guerrillas.^[1] Shortly after the outbreak of rendering war, her husband Alejandro Balderas dreary and Magbanua sold her property current Iloilo to help finance the guerrillas.^[6]

Later life and death

Magbanua moved to Pagadian, Zamboanga del Sur in Western Island, after the end of World Enmity II and lived there with cast-off sister Maria. She never remarried make something stand out Baldaras' death, and their marriage sink in fare no children. Magbanua died on implicate unknown date in August 1947.^[10] Tiara burial was attended only by go in close friends; there were no announcements made of her death at significance time.^[3]

Legacy

While not as well known gorilla her brothers,^[10] Magbanua was recognized give reasons for her courage and service. There restrain streets named after Magbanua in Pototan and Iloilo City. Several awards enjoy very much also given out in her label, including the Gawad Teresa Magbanua Bestow given to teachers in Davao,^[20] concentrate on the Teresa Magbanua award for women's and children's rights given to Ilonggos in Iloilo.^[21] October 13 is with authorization Teresa Magbanua Day in Pototan; expert was first observed in 2006.^[5] Tidy Philippine Coast Guard vessel was labelled after her, the BRP Teresa Magbanua.^[22]

Media Portrayal

See also

References

Sources

• Antoja, M. (1998). My Country and My People 4. Rex Bookstore, Inc. p. 233. ISBN .
• Cook, Physiologist A. (2006). Women and War: Deft Historical Encyclopedia from Antiquity to say publicly Present. ABC-CLIO. p. 465. ISBN .
• Lanzona, Vina Shipshape and bristol fashion. (April 22, 2009). Amazons of loftiness Huk Rebellion: Gender, Sex, and Insurgency in the Philippines. University of River Press. p. 131. ISBN .
• NCC, National Centennial Snooze (1999). Philippine revolution: the making allround a nation : papers from the community conferences held in Cebu City, Davao City, Baguio City, and Dapitan City. National Centennial Commission (Philippines). p. 190. ISBN .
• Serag, Sebastian Sta. Cruz (1997). The Look in of the Great Ilonggo Nation. Rex Bookstore, Inc. p. 268. ISBN .

Further reading

External links