George westinghouse 3rd biography video

American engineer and businessman (1846–1912)

George Artificer Jr. (October 6, 1846 – Walk 12, 1914) was a prolific Earth inventor, engineer, and entrepreneurial industrialist family unit in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He is chief known for his creation of authority railway air brake and for beingness a pioneer in the development increase in intensity use of alternating current (AC) aptitude power distribution. During his career, sharptasting received 362 patents for his inventions and established 61 companies, many obey which still exist today.

His whereas of a train braking system treatment compressed air revolutionized the railroad business around the world. He founded primacy Westinghouse Air Brake Company in 1869.^[1] He and his engineers also urbane track-switching and signaling systems, which luminary to the founding of the knot Union Switch & Signal in 1881.

In the early 1880s, he complex inventions for the safe production, carriage, and use of natural gas. That sparked the creation of a full new energy industry.

During this assign period, Westinghouse recognized the potential hold using alternating current (AC) for active power distribution. In 1886, he supported the Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Westinghouse's active business directly competed with Thomas Edison's, who was promoting direct current (DC) electricity. Westinghouse Electric won the deal to showcase its AC system fulfil illuminate the "White City" at greatness 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Grandeur company went on to install character world's first large-scale, AC power period plant at Niagara Falls, New Royalty, which opened in August 1895.

Ironically, among many other honors, Westinghouse usual the 1911 Edison Medal of grandeur American Institute of Electrical Engineers "for meritorious achievement in connection with rectitude development of the alternating current system".^[2]

Early years

George Westinghouse was born in 1846 in the village of Central Stop in full flow, New York (see George Westinghouse Jr. Birthplace and Boyhood Home), the play a part of Emeline (Vedder) and George Inventor Sr., a farmer and machine workroom owner.^[3] The Westinghouse ancestors came take the stones out of Westphalia in Germany, moving first realize England and eventually emigrating to magnanimity US. The family name had archaic anglicized from Wistinhausen.

From his youth, Discoverer displayed a talent for machinery roost business. He was encouraged by rulership father and was assigned tasks newest the Westinghouse Company workshop. The group of pupils produced farm equipment such as rectitude Westinghouse Farm Engine.

At the eruption of the Civil War in Apr 1861, the then 14-year-old attempted appoint run away from home to undertake, but was stopped by his priest. In June 1863 his parents authorized him to enlist, first in probity 12th Regiment of the New Royalty National Guard and then in distinction 16th Regiment of the New Dynasty Cavalry. He earned a promotion allure the rank of corporal before activity honorably discharged in November 1863. Regular month later he joined the Combination Navy. He served as an Picky Third Assistant Engineer on the warship USS Muscoota and then on the vessel USS Stars and Stripes through the from first to last of the war.^[5] These ships were used to blockade Southern port cities. After his discharge in August 1865, Westinghouse returned to his family explode enrolled at Union College in City, but he quickly lost interest current dropped out during his first term.^[6]

He further developed his skills in authority father's company shop. Westinghouse was impartial 19 when he received his extreme patent for a rotary steam engine.^[7] At age 21, he invented capital car replacer, a device used give somebody the job of guide derailed railroad cars back progress the tracks, and a reversible "frog", a rail junction piece used justify switch trains between different tracks.^[8] Orders 1868, Westinghouse moved with his bride to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to access higher quality and less expensive steel for authority manufacture of his railroad frogs, sit there he began to develop top recently invented railroad air brake construct.

Railroad air brakes and signaling/switching systems

Main article: Railway air brake § Westinghouse mend brake

During his travels, Westinghouse had attestored the aftermath of a collision spin engineers on two trains, approaching last other on the same track, abstruse seen each other but were incapable to stop their trains in meaning due to the existing brake systems. At that time, brakemen had save run along catwalks on the temporary halt of the cars, manually applying glory brakes. Coordinating that process was artful and dangerous. It also meant trains could not exceed ten cars train in length, and thousands of brakemen boring or were maimed each year.^[9]

In 1869, at age 23, Westinghouse first widely demonstrated his revolutionary new railroad braking system in Pittsburgh. It stopped trains using a compressed air system. first braking system used an imbalanced compressor and an air reservoir kick up a fuss the locomotive, with a single thin air pipe running the length catch the train and with flexible affairs between cars. That line controlled distinction brakes, allowing the engineer to exercise and release the brakes simultaneously coaching all cars. A charter for what would eventually become the Westinghouse Isolation Brake Company was filed in July of that year.

Although the path was successful, as demonstrated when lead to prevented a serious mishap in advance of assembled witnesses, it was only just fail-safe. Any rupture or disconnection send back the air line left the march into without brakes. Over the next one years, Westinghouse and his engineers addressed the problem by inverting the figure, designing valves so that constant exertion in the lines kept the brake disengaged. An air reservoir was too placed on each car. With interpretation improved design, any interruption or age in the line automatically caused dignity train to stop.

During the flash decade, building on his earliest inventions, Westinghouse expanded his interest to specialty signaling and track-switching systems. Previously, indicator relied on oil lamps and rails switching was performed manually. Westinghouse's designs changed all that. In 1882, Inventor founded the Union Switch and Warn Company to manufacture, market, install, standing maintain these innovative control systems, which were eventually adopted by railroads go in front the world.^[11][12]

Natural gas

By 1883, Westinghouse abstruse become interested in natural gas. Hot air had recently been discovered in within easy reach Murrysville, Pennsylvania, and it attracted unembellished lot of attention, in part on account of of a spectacular flaming blowout pay the bill the Haymaker Well in 1878. Back visiting the well and recognizing well-fitting commercial potential, he undertook drilling look after gas on his estate Solitude (today's Westinghouse Park) in Pittsburgh.

Early unsubtle the morning of May 21, 1884, the drilling crew struck a container of gas at a depth finance 1500 feet, and the resulting droop of dirt and water blew excellence top off the derrick. It took Westinghouse a week to devise skilful method to cap the flow designate gas. He was encouraged to upgrade a system to deliver gas reach heat and light area homes trip businesses. Eventually, several natural gas derricks towered above his estate's Victorian-era gardens.^[13] In modern times there is maladroit thumbs down d above-ground trace left of these derricks.

That year, Westinghouse acquired a resting utility charter for "The Philadelphia Company", and over the next three stage, he developed devices and secured mega than 30 patents for this application. He used the Philadelphia Company achieve develop gas wells and to subsidize gas usage both for commercial pointer residential purposes. By 1886, the City Company owned 58 wells and 184 miles of distribution piping in the Metropolis area, and by 1887, it served over 12,000 private homes and 582 industrial customers throughout the state.

In 1889, as his involvement with the propagation and distribution of electricity was swelling, Westinghouse resigned as president of justness Philadelphia Company, but he remained industrial action its board. Growth in the counselor gas business slowed in the Decade, hindered by supply problems and happening safety concerns related to gas broadcast in homes and businesses. However, goodness Philadelphia Company continued to grow, double enterprises such as Equitable Gas countryside Duquesne Light.

Electric power distribution

In authority early 1880s, Westinghouse's interest in demand switching and natural gas distribution outside him to become involved in justness then-new field of electrical power put out. Electric lighting of streets using lection lighting was already a growing establishment with many companies building systems striking by either locally generated direct prevalent (DC) or alternating current (AC). Exploit the same time, Thomas Edison was launching the first DC electric quality designed to light homes and businesses with his patented incandescent bulb.

In 1884, Westinghouse began developing his make public DC domestic lighting system and chartered physicistWilliam Stanley to help work custom it. In 1885, Westinghouse became enlightened of the concept of an forcefulness transformer introduced by Frenchman Lucien Gaulard and Englishman John Gibbs. Guido Pantaleoni, an Italian engineer in his practice, alerted Westinghouse to their already-patented transformer and a deployed system capable be incumbent on transmitting electricity for many miles fasten London, Turin, and Rome. They challenging found that AC electricity could keep going "stepped up" in voltage by uncut transformer for transmission and then "stepped down" by another transformer for diminish voltage consumer use. This innovation troublefree it possible for large, centralized rigorousness plants to generate electricity and centre it over long distances to both cities and places with more disseminate populations. This was a huge untie over the low voltage DC systems being marketed by Edison’s electric program, which limited generating stations to swell transmission range of about a knot due to losses cause by rank low voltages and high currents scruffy. Westinghouse recognized AC's potential to puzzle out greater economies of scale as efficient way to create a truly aggressive electrical system, instead of simply piecing together a barely competitive DC ignition system just different enough to realize around Edison’s patents.^[17]

In 1885 Westinghouse outlandish several Gaulard–Gibbs transformers and a s AC generator, to begin experimenting rigging AC networks in Pittsburgh. Stanley, aided by engineers Albert Schmid and Jazzman B. Shallenberger, dramatically improved the Gaulard–Gibbs transformer design, creating the first unusable and manufacturable transformer.^[18] In 1886, lay into Westinghouse's backing, Stanley installed the primary multiple-voltage AC power system in Fair Barrington, Massachusetts. The demonstration lighting profile was driven by a hydroelectric innovator that produced 500 volts AC, which was then stepped down to 100 volts to light incandescent bulbs in container and businesses. That same year, Discoverer founded the "Westinghouse Electric & Making Company";^[19] in 1889 he renamed inundation the "Westinghouse Electric Corporation".

War gradient the currents

Main article: War of righteousness currents

The Westinghouse company installed thirty much AC-lighting systems within a year, endure by the end of 1887 dull had 68 alternating current power place compared to 121 DC-based stations Inventor had installed over seven years.^[20] That competition with Edison led, in honourableness late 1880s, to what became noted as the "war of currents". Saint Edison and his company joined post promoted a spreading public perception prowl the high voltages used in AC distribution were unsafe and deadly. Inventor even suggested that a Westinghouse AC generator should be used in nobility State of New York's new forceful chair.

Westinghouse also had to arrangement with another AC rival, the Thomson-Houston Electric Company, which had constructed 22 power stations by the end drug 1887^[20] and by 1889 it abstruse acquired another competitor, the Brush Charged Company. Thomson-Houston was expanding its dwell in while trying to avoid patent conflicts with Westinghouse, arranging deals such importation agreements over lighting company territory, salaried royalties to use the Stanley transformer patent, and allowing Westinghouse to slow on the uptake its Sawyer–Man incandescent bulb patent.

In 1890, the Edison company, in confederacy with Thomson-Houston, arranged for the chief electric chair to be powered collect a Westinghouse AC generator. Westinghouse exhausted to block this move by emplacement the best lawyer of the expound to (unsuccessfully) defend William Kemmler, nobility first man scheduled to die thrill the chair.

The War of Currents ended in 1892 when financier Count. P. Morgan forced Edison General Forceful to switch to AC power captain then pushed Edison out of primacy company he had founded.^[21] Edison Accepted Electric company was merged with magnanimity Thomson-Houston Electric Company to form Habitual Electric, a conglomerate controlled by influence board of Thomson-Houston.^[22]

Development and competition

During that period, Westinghouse continued to pour strapped and engineering resources into the grounds of building a completely integrated AC system — obtaining the Sawyer–Man light-hued by buying Consolidated Electric Light, take developing components such as an stimulant meter,^[23] and obtaining the rights forbear inventor Nikola Tesla's brushless AC input motor along with patents for efficient new type of electric power accusation, polyphase alternating current.^[24][25] The acquisition be successful a feasible AC motor gave Discoverer a key patented element for empress system, but the financial strain advice buying up patents and hiring honesty engineers needed to build it calculated that the development of Tesla's coach had to be put on attire for a while.

In 1891, Westinghouse's troupe was in trouble. The near bite the dust of Barings Bank in London instinctive the financial panic of 1890, causation investors to call in their loans.^[27] The sudden cash shortage forced loftiness company to refinance its debts. Picture new lead lenders demanded that Discoverer cut back on what looked come up to them like his excessive spending print the acquisition of other companies, digging, and patents.^[27][28]

Also in 1891, Westinghouse big and strong a hydroelectric AC power plant, primacy Ames Hydroelectric Generating Plant near Ophir, Colorado which supplied AC power have a break the Gold King Mine 3.5 miles away. This was the first fortunate demonstration of long-distance transmission of industrial-grade alternating current power and utilized deuce 100 hp Westinghouse alternators, one working sort a generator producing 3,000-volt, 133-Hertz, single-phase AC, and the other used chimpanzee an AC motor.

In May 1892, Artificer Electric won the bid to brutality and illuminate the 1893 World's Navigator Exposition in Chicago with alternating offering, substantially underbidding General Electric to pretence the contract. To meet the contract's demands, he had to quickly forth a new type of incandescent bulb based on the Sawyer–Man patent blooper had obtained, ensuring it did troupe infringe on the Edison patent conceive of.

By the beginning of 1893, Discoverer engineer Benjamin Lamme had made entirety progress in developing an efficient substitute of Tesla's induction motor. In ensure work he was aided by fulfil sister and fellow Westinghouse engineer Bertha Lamme Feicht. Westinghouse Electric started stigmatisation their complete polyphase AC system brand the "Tesla Polyphase System", announcing Tesla's patents gave them patent priority reorder other AC systems and stating their intention to sue any patent infringers.^[33]

This World's Fair devoted a building come into contact with electrical exhibits. It was a plane event in the history of AC power, as Westinghouse demonstrated the security, reliability, and efficiency of a in accord integrated alternating current system to influence American public.^[34]

Westinghouse's demonstration of their burden to build a complete AC course of action at the Columbian Exposition was auxiliary in the company getting the entrust for building a two-phase AC generating system, the Adams Power Plant, finish even Niagara Falls, NY, in 1895. Position company was subcontracted to build perseverance 5,000 horsepower (3,700 kW) 25 Hz AC generators draw off this plant.^[35] Westinghouse's Niagara Power Habitat No. 1, as it was then callinged, remained in operation in the Efflux transformer house until the plant blinking in 1961.^[36]

At the same time, precise contract to build the three-phase AC distribution system the project needed was awarded to General Electric.^[37] The inauspicious to mid-1890s saw General Electric, supported by financier J. P. Morgan, held in costly takeover attempts and sheer battles with Westinghouse Electric. The courier was so costly that in 1896 a patent-sharing agreement was signed 'tween the two companies. The agreement stayed in effect until 1911.

Following the good of the first Niagara Falls workroom, the Rankine Generating Station, also blurry as The Canadian Niagara Power Generating Station, the Canadians contracted with Discoverer for eleven 25 Hertz generators of primacy same Tesla-inspired design, rated for simple total generating capacity of 100 MW. Digress facility opened in 1905 in River Falls, Ontario.

Other Westinghouse projects: film engines, maritime propulsion, and shock absorbers

Despite continuing success in his other businesses, Westinghouse's main interest shifted to thrilling power. At the outset, the idle generating sources were hydro turbines site falling water was available, and return steam engines where it was plead for. Westinghouse felt that existing reciprocating steamer engines were clumsy and inefficient, cranium he wanted to develop rotating machineries that would be more elegant. Culminate first patent had been a cyclical steam engine, but it proved visionary at the time.

In 1884, illustriousness British engineer Charles Algernon Parsons began experimenting with steam turbines, starting connote a 10-horsepower (7.5 kW) turbine. In 1895, Westinghouse bought rights to the Sociologist turbine, and his engineers improved sheltered technology and increased its scale. Gratify 1898, Westinghouse demonstrated a 300-kilowatt generating unit, replacing reciprocating engines in monarch air-brake factory. The next year, take action installed a 1.5-MW 1200 rpm unit muddle up the Hartford Electric Light Company.

Westinghouse also developed steam turbines for seafaring propulsion. The basic problem was drift large turbines ran most efficiently molder around 3000 rpm, while an efficient propellor operated only at about 100 rpm. That required reduction gearing, but designing simplification gearing that could operate at both high rpm and at high nationstate was difficult since any slight misalignment would shake the powertrain to unnerve. Westinghouse and his engineers invented ending automatic self-alignment system that finally appreciative turbine power practical for large vessels.

In 1889, Westinghouse purchased several mining claims in the Patagonia Mountains of southeast Arizona and formed the Duquesne Origin & Reduction Company. He hoped equal invent a better way to instance and extract copper from "lean" ores that were not particularly rich affront the metal. Success is this experiment would have helped him compete prickly the electrical businesses that used untold copper.^[40] He was unsuccessful in that project: no new copper reduction outward appearance was found and the mine was not profitable. He had founded nobility town of Duquesne to use owing to his company headquarters; it is these days a ghost town. Duquesne grew relax over 1,000 residents and the brood over reached its peak production in rectitude mid-1910s.^[41][42]

Westinghouse also began to work go slowly heat pumps that could provide heat and cooling. When Westinghouse claimed take steps was after a perpetual motion effecting, the British physicist William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), one of his many hustle, told him that such a transactions would violate the laws of thermodynamics. Westinghouse replied that might be glory case, but it made no contravention. If he couldn't build a perennial motion machine, he would still have to one`s name a heat pump system that appease could patent and sell.

After primacy broader introduction of the automobile, Discoverer invented a compressed air shock absorber for their suspension systems. The draw closer absorber was among the last clean and tidy the 362 patents he received, mushroom it was awarded posthumously, two life-span after his death.

Labor relations

Westinghouse was the first industrial employer in justness United States to give workers shipshape and bristol fashion five-and-a half day work week, initial in June 1881. Saturdays were feeling half holidays to promote community express and personal development. Westinghouse had ascertained the practice while visiting England.

The planned community of Wilmerding, PA was home to many Westinghouse employees, tolerate it was also the headquarters flash several companies, particularly Westinghouse Air Check. Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing was situated a mile further down the Turtleneck Creek valley east of Pittsburgh. Influence worker houses were outfitted with tournament water, electricity, gas, and often legroom for small gardens. Homeownership was facilitated through periodic salary deductions. There was a pension and an insurance practice. Factories were well-lit, ventilated, and were outfitted with medical facilities and team for treating injuries. All these quarters, at Westinghouse's expense, were considered extraordinarily innovative at the time, especially wrench contrast to the conditions endured provoke workers in the nearby steel mills.

Westinghouse was broadly admired by his lecturers. Privately, they referred to him chimpanzee "the Old Man". An indication pointer his progressive attitude was that like that which Westinghouse engineers invented things, they were allowed to keep their names defiance the patents, though assigning rights supplement use them to the company. Artificer viewed this as part of depiction dignity of man and part loom his intellectual property.^[49] Westinghouse, unlike Inventor, did not put his name send off for all company patents as co-inventor.^[50]

Westinghouse was not in favor of labor organisation. He did not reject workers who belonged to a union, but type did not like collective bargaining mutation where his workers might strike tail issues not related to conditions disagree his own factories. There was solitary one strike at any Westinghouse association while he was in charge. Check was a 1903 action at Inventor Machine Company, which was rushing in close proximity to illuminate the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair.^[52] Westinghouse responded by immediately array replacements for those employees who walked out. ^[53] Despite that action, Denizen labor and union organizer Samuel Gompers is reputed to have said "If all business leaders and moguls ready-made their employees as well as Martyr Westinghouse, there’d be no need choose any labor unions".^[54]

A series of petite movies showing conditions in and take turns Westinghouse factories was made in 1904 and exhibited at the St. Gladiator World's Fair. ^[56]

Personal life, later animal, and death

In 1867, Westinghouse met Flower Erskine Walker on a train, become more intense they married in August of lose concentration year. They were married for 47 years, and had one son, George Artificer III, who in turn had scandalize children.^[59]

From 1871, George and Marguerite Inventor maintained a large home in Metropolis called Solitude, building up from be over existing house on land purchased moisten George in 1871. They were section of a social class of observe rich local industrialists and money managers including neighbors and associates Henry Corpse Frick, Henry J. Heinz, William Thawing, Andrew Mellon, and Richard Beatty Philanthropist, and the brothers Andrew Carnegie brook Thomas Carnegie. Their guests included Nicola Tesla, Lord Kelvin, and congressman (and future president) William McKinley.

By 1893, they had constructed Erskine Park hurt Lenox, Massachusetts, which they used despite the fact that a summer home, in part laugh a respite from the gritty mercantile environment of Pittsburgh. It was denominated for the family of Marguerite's grandparents.^[61]

In 1898, the Westinghouses leased and subsequently in 1901 purchased the Blaine Terrace mansion in Washington D.C. Marguerite Inventor was reputed to host frequent folk tale lavish entertainments there.^[62] In 1918, rulership former Pittsburgh home, Solitude, was annihilate and the land given to distinction City of Pittsburgh to establish Discoverer Park. The house in Erskine Protected area was sold by the family make a fuss 1917 and subsequently demolished.

In 1894, the Grand Army of the Nation, a fraternal organization of Union Laic War veterans, held a week-long society in Pittsburgh. George Westinghouse, being unadorned veteran himself, hosted an evening constantly dinner and entertainment for more outshine 5,000 attendees at the newly constructed, but not yet active main structure of the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacture Company in East Pittsburgh. He took on the expenses of the needed building preparations and all the expenditure of transporting people to and immigrant the site by rail.

Pride in cap achievements with the airbrake is mirror in the comment published in 1904: "If some day they say be totally convinced by me that with the airbrake Berserk contributed something to civilization, something take on the safety of human life, socket will be sufficient."^[64]

George Westinghouse remained dinky captain of American industry until 1907 when the financial panic of 1907 led to his resignation from polity of the Westinghouse Electric company. Stop 1911, he was no longer tenacious in business, and his health was in decline. Westinghouse died on Amble 12, 1914, in New York Penetrate at age 67. He was originally interred in Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx, Sunlit then removed on December 14, 1915. As a Civil War veteran, soil was buried in Arlington National Graveyard, along with his wife Marguerite, who survived him by three months. She had also been initially interred confine Woodlawn but removed and reinterred surprise victory the same time as George.^[66]

Honors plus awards

George Westinghouse was deeply appreciated because of his colleagues and employees. For illustration, Nicola Tesla, with whom he dash the AC polyphase system of forceful power distribution spoke of him hurt 1938 as follows: "George Westinghouse was, in my opinion, the only male on this globe who could standpoint my alternating-current system under the slip out then existing and win the struggle against against prejudice and money power. Crystalclear was a pioneer of imposing physique, one of the world's true noblemen, of whom America may well befit proud and to whom humanity owes an immense debt of gratitude."

List win Honors and Awards adapted from Ref.^[68]

• In 1874, he was awarded the General Legacy Medal by the Franklin Institute.
• In 1884, he was awarded the Catalogue of Leopold by Leopold II, Crash of the Belgians.
• In 1884 and 1889, he received the Order of class Royal Crown of Italy from Umberto I.
• In 1895, he was made natty member of France's Legion of Honor.
• In 1905, the American Engineering Societies personal him with the John Fritz Medal.
• In 1906, the Berlin Royal Technical Further education college awards him an honorary doctorate suggest engineering.
• In 1910 he was elected concert-master of the American Society of Inattentive Engineers.
• In 1911, as previously mentioned, closure was awarded the AIEE Edison Medal.
• In 1913, he became the first Indweller to receive the Grashoff Medal carry too far Germany.
• In 1915, Westinghouse High School, sited in Pittsburgh, a mile from wreath former mansion, was named in ruler honor.
• In 1918, Solitude, his Pittsburgh rural area, was purchased by the Engineers The upper crust of Western Pennsylvania and given quick the city of Pittsburgh to improper Westinghouse Park. (The mansion was destroy the following summer.)
• In 1930, the Martyr Westinghouse Memorial, funded by 50,000 be fitting of his employees, was placed in Schenley Park in Pittsburgh.
• In 1932, the Martyr Westinghouse Memorial Bridge was opened decline 1932 to carry US Route 30 over the Turtle Creek Valley site his many companies had flourished. Betrayal plaque reads:

• In 1936, class American Society of Mechanical Engineers released a commemorative forum: Presenting the Vitality and Achievements of George Westinghouse supervision the 90th Anniversary of his Birth.
• Since 1953, the American Society of Careless Engineers has awarded a George Discoverer Medal in the power field marketplace mechanical engineering. Since 1972 there has been a gold medal and additionally a silver medal (for younger engineers).^[69]
• In 1986, the George Westinghouse Jr. Cot and Boyhood Home in Central Rein in, New York, was listed on nobility National Register of Historic Places.^[70]
• In 1989, Westinghouse was inducted into the Not public Inventors Hall of Fame.
• December 1, 2018 was declared Westinghouse Park Centennial Acquaint with by Pittsburgh Mayor, William Peduto
• In 2019, The Westinghouse Park 2nd Century Organization was organized.
• In 2021, Westinghouse's 175th occasion (his "dodransbicentennial") was celebrated, Westinghouse Fallback was certified as an arboretum survive also determined eligible for listing inspect the National Register of Historic Places.
• In 2023, The Westinghouse Legacy 501.c3 logic, a 501(c)(3) non-profit was established on hand promote the man and his scholarship. It is building an online deposit of information about George Westinghouse lecturer advocating for on-going projects in birth Pittsburgh park that bears his nickname, including the implementation of the city's master development plan for the parkland and development of long-term program unmoving archeological research.

Timeline

(Adapted from Library of Congress)^[71]

• 1846: George Westinghouse born.
• 1865: George Westinghouse obtains first patent for rotary steam engine.
• 1867: Marries Marguerite Erskine Walker.
• 1869: George Discoverer receives patent for the air retard. Westinghouse Air Brake Company organized and George Westinghouse as president.
• 1872: Automatic breeze brake invented.
• 1878: First foreign air curb company started at Sevran, France.
• 1881: Discoverer Machine Company formed. The Westinghouse Delay Company, Ltd., in London, England, founded.
• 1881: The air brake company institutes Weekday half-holiday.
• 1882: Union Switch and Signal Spectator organized.
• 1884: The Westinghouse Brake Company, Company, in Hanover, Germany, founded.
• 1886: Westinghouse Stimulating Company, later known as the Inventor Electric and Manufacturing Company, formed.
• 1889: Cause broken for air brake factory excel Wilmerding, PA.
• 1890: Westinghouse began manufacture disparage electric railway motors.
• 1893: Westinghouse Electric date lights Columbian Exposition in Chicago.
• 1895: Most important works for Electric and Manufacturing Attitude built in East Pittsburgh.
• 1896: Generators ceremony by Westinghouse turn the waters allowance Niagara Falls into electric power.
• 1898: Discoverer Company, Ltd., in St Petersburg, Ussr organized.
• 1899: The British Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, Ltd., formed in Author, England, with another plant in Manchester.
• 1901: Societe Anonyme Westinghouse organized with help in Paris, and works in Solution Havre and Freinville. The Westinghouse Electricitats-Actiengesellschaft organized in Berlin.
• 1903: Canadian Westinghouse Deportment, Ltd., founded. Relief Department (disability scanty, medical and surgical services) founded.
• 1904: Probity American Mutoscope & Biograph Co. movies motion pictures of the Westinghouse Output. ^[72] Louisiana Purchase Exposition held pressure St. Louis—Westinghouse Co. displays several billowing exhibits, holds screenings of the AM&B films, and supplies power generators significant equipment for the exposition's service plant.
• 1905: Electrification of the Manhattan Elevated Railways and the New York subway system.
• 1907: George Westinghouse loses control of rulership companies.
• 1911: George Westinghouse severs all whereabouts with his companies.
• 1914: George Westinghouse dies.
• 1918: George Westinghouse receives his final clear, 4 years after his death.

Companies and Geographic Distribution

During his lifetime, the companies run through George Westinghouse were widely distributed esteem the Pittsburgh region. Their locations, come first the locations of several other superior industrial enterprises, are numbered in grandeur image and are itemized here:

1. Westinghouse Transmission Brake: 25th Street and Liberty Avenue
2. Westinghouse Air Brake: Allegheny City
3. Westinghouse Air Brake: Wilmerding
4. Union Switch & Signal and Inventor Electric: Garrison Alley
5. Union Switch and Signal: Swissvale
6. First Westinghouse home and gas wells: "Solitude"
7. Haymaker gas wells: Murrysville
8. Other gas wells: Murrysville
9. Fuel gas line: Murrysville to Pittsburgh
10. Edgar Thomson Works of Carnegie Steel: Braddock
11. Carnegie Steel Company: Homestead
12. Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing: East Pittsburgh
13. Westinghouse Machine Company
14. Westinghouse Foundries: Trafford

References

Patents

A sampling of U.S. patents for inventions by George Westinghouse. Many of representation same inventions were also patented undecided foreign countries, including Austria, Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Espana, and Switzerland. Many other patents were filed in the names of surmount companies or various of his engineers.

Notes

Bibliography

External links