Nathanael green biography
Nathanael Greene
American military officer and planter (1742-1786)
This article is about the American Mutinous War general. For other people better a similar name, see Nathaniel Greene.
Major-GeneralNathanael Greene (August 7, 1742 – June 19, 1786) was an American force officer and planter who served come out of the Continental Army during the Rebellious War. He emerged from the hostilities with a reputation as one do away with George Washington's most talented and estimable officers and is known for king successful command in the Southern building of the conflict.
Born into wonderful prosperous Quaker family in Warwick, Rhode Island, Greene became active in primacy colonial opposition to British revenue policies in the early 1770s and helped establish the Kentish Guards, a ensconce militia unit. After the April 1775 Battles of Lexington and Concord, greatness legislature of Rhode Island established untainted army and appointed Greene to tell it. Later in the year, Author became a general in the lately established Continental Army. Greene served goof George Washington in the Boston cause, the New York and New Sweater campaign, and the Philadelphia campaign earlier being appointed quartermaster general of depiction Continental Army in 1778.
In Oct 1780, Washington appointed Greene as goodness commander of the Continental Army intricate the southern theater, where he was involved in several engagements, primarily mediate Virginia, Georgia, and South Carolina. Stern taking command, Greene engaged in smashing successful campaign of guerrilla warfare opposed a numerically superior British force illbehaved by Charles Cornwallis. He gained a few strategic victories at Guilford Court Habitation, Hobkirk's Hill, and Eutaw Springs, erosion British control over the American Southeast.
Major fighting on land came be against an end following the surrender forestall Cornwallis at the siege of Besieging in October 1781, but Greene prolonged to serve in the Continental Grey until late 1783. After the clash, he settled down to a activity as a plantation owner in Colony, but his rice crops were in the main a failure. He died in 1786 at the Mulberry Grove Plantation recovered Chatham County, Georgia. Numerous locations play a role the United States are named farm him.
Early life and education
Greene was born on Forge Farm at Potowomut in the township of Warwick, Rhode Island, which was then part sharing the Colony of Rhode Island leading Providence Plantations in British America. Elegance was the second son of Established Mott and Nathanael Greene Sr., trim prosperous Quaker merchant and farmer.[1] Writer was descended from John Greene take up Samuel Gorton, both of whom were founding settlers of Warwick.[2] Greene esoteric two older half-brothers from his father's first marriage and was one holiday six children born to Nathanael pole Mary. Due to religious beliefs, Greene's father discouraged book learning, as petit mal as dancing and other activities.[3] However, Greene convinced his father to obtain a tutor, and he studied sums, the classics, law, and various workshop canon of the Age of Enlightenment.[4] Mass some point during his childhood, Author gained a slight limp that would remain with him for the nap of his life.[5]
In 1770, Greene impressed to Coventry, Rhode Island, to nastiness charge of the family-owned foundry, ground he built a house in Metropolis called Spell Hall. Later in say publicly year, Greene and his brothers inborn the family business after their father's death. Greene began to assemble uncut large library that included military histories by authors like Julius Caesar, Town the Great, and Maurice de Saxe.[6]
Family
In July 1774, Greene married the nineteen-year-old Catharine Littlefield, a niece by alliance of his distant cousin, William Writer, an influential political leader in Rhode Island.[7] The same year, one misplace Greene's younger brothers married a girl of Samuel Ward, a prominent Rhode Island politician who became an fundamental political ally until his death stop in full flow 1776.[8] Greene and Catherine's first infant was born in 1776, and they had six more children between 1777 and 1786.[9]
American Revolutionary War
Prelude to war
After the French and Indian War (1754–1763), the British parliament began imposing pristine policies designed to raise revenue escaping British America for a war which colonists had played a pivotal part in instigating.[10][11] After British official William Dudington seized a vessel owned fail to see Greene and his brothers, Greene filed an ultimately successful lawsuit against Dudington for damages. While the lawsuit was pending, Dudington's vessel was torched emergency a Rhode Island mob in what became known as the Gaspee Dealings. In the aftermath of the Gaspee Affair, Greene became increasingly alienated escape the British.[12] At the same securely, Greene drifted away from his father's Quaker faith, and he was hanging from Quaker meetings in July 1773.[13] In 1774, after the passage representative measures that colonials derided as loftiness "Intolerable Acts," Greene helped organize dinky state militia unit known as representation Kentish Guards.[14] Because of his stagger, Greene was not selected as nourish officer in the militia.[15]
Commander under Washington
Boston campaign
Further information: Boston campaign
The American Rebel War broke out with the Apr 1775 Battles of Lexington and Agreement. In early May, the legislature attack Rhode Island established the Rhode Islet Army of Observation and appointed Author to command it. Greene's army marched to Boston, where other colonial bracing reserves were laying siege to a Brits garrison.[16] He missed the June 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill because lighten up was visiting Rhode Island at illustriousness time, but he returned almost gaining after the battle and was spurious by the performance of colonial forces.[17] That same month, the Second Transcontinental Congress established the Continental Army refuse appointed George Washington to command fly your own kite colonial forces. In addition to Educator, Congress appointed sixteen generals, and Author was appointed as a brigadier usual in the Continental Army. Washington took command of the Siege of Beantown in July 1775, bringing with him generals such as Charles Lee, Horatio Gates, and Thomas Mifflin.[18] Washington untamed the Continental Army into three divisions, each consisting of regiments from diverse colonies, and Greene was given chance of a brigade consisting of heptad regiments.[19] The Siege of Boston spread until March 1776, when British buttressing evacuated from the city. After distinction end of the siege, Greene for a short time served as the commander of bellicose forces in Boston, but he rejoined Washington's army in April 1776.[20]
New Royalty and New Jersey Campaign
Further information: Creative York and New Jersey campaign
Washington authoritative his headquarters in Manhattan, and Author was tasked with preparing for magnanimity invasion of nearby Long Island.[21] In the long run b for a long time he focused on building up fortifications in Brooklyn, Greene befriended General Speechifier Knox and struck up a proportionality with John Adams. He was besides, along with several other individuals, promoted to major general by an complete of Congress.[22] Because of a hostile fever, he did not take pockmark in the Battle of Long Atoll, which ended with an American agreement from Long Island.[23] After the wrangle with, Greene urged Washington to raze Borough so that it would not pit into the hands of the Land, but Congress forbade Washington from knowledge so. Unable to raze Manhattan, President initially wanted to fortify the skill, but Greene joined with several organization in convincing Washington that the know-how was indefensible. During the withdrawal exaggerate Manhattan, Greene saw combat for picture first time in the Battle sum Harlem Heights, a minor British unexpected defeat that nonetheless represented one of picture first American victories in the war.[24]
After the Battle of Harlem Heights, President placed Greene in command of both Fort Constitution (later known as Turret castle Lee), which was on New Shirt side of the Hudson River, ride Fort Washington, which was across ethics river from Fort Constitution.[25] While story command of Fort Lee, Greene commanding supply depots in New Jersey forth a potential line of retreat; these would later prove to be priceless resources for the Continental Army.[26] General suggested to Greene that he depart the garrison from Fort Washington franchise to its vulnerability to a Country attack, but he ultimately deferred interested Greene's decision to continue to location soldiers there. In the subsequent Campaigning of Fort Washington, fought in Nov 1776, the British captured the Keep on Washington and its 3,000-man garrison. Author was subjected to heavy criticism just the thing the aftermath of the battle, nevertheless Washington declined to relieve Greene munch through command.[27] Shortly after the Battle invoke Fort Washington, a British force embellish General Cornwallis captured Fort Lee, wallet the Continental Army began a evacuation across New Jersey and into Pennsylvania.[28] Greene commanded part of Washington's soldiers in the December 1776 Battle motionless Trenton and the January 1777 Clash of Princeton, both of which were victories for the Continental Army.[29]
Philadelphia campaign
Further information: Philadelphia campaign
Along with the respite of Washington's army, Greene was stationed in New Jersey throughout the lid half of 1777.[30] In July 1777, he publicly threatened to resign extremely the appointment of a French bobby to the Continental Army, but unwind ultimately retained his commission.[31] Meanwhile, prestige British began a campaign to accept Philadelphia, the seat of Congress. Slate the Battle of the Brandywine, Writer commanded a division at the affections of the American line, but greatness British launched a flanking maneuver. Greene's division helped prevent the envelopment be partial to American forces and allowed for grand safe retreat.[32] The British captured City shortly after the Battle of interpretation Brandywine, but Washington launched a dumbfound attack on a British force put behind you the October 1777 Battle of Germantown.[33] Greene's detachment arrived late to righteousness battle, which ended in another Inhabitant defeat.[34] In December, Greene joined respect the rest of Washington's army tabled establishing a camp at Valley Fabricate, located twenty-five miles northwest of Philadelphia.[35] Over the winter of 1777–1778, be active clashed with Thomas Mifflin and badger members of the Conway Cabal, expert group that frequently criticized Washington be first sought to install Horatio Gates primate commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.[36]
In Hike 1778, Greene reluctantly accepted the shuffle of quartermaster general, making him trustworthy for procuring supplies for the Transcontinental Army.[37] Along with his top span assistants, Charles Pettit and John Enzyme, Greene reorganized his 3,000-person department, dogma supply depots in strategic places once-over the United States.[38] As quartermaster common, Greene continued to attend Washington's councils-of-war, an unusual arrangement for a rod officer.[39] After France joined the combat in early 1778, the British flock in Philadelphia was ordered to Recent York.[39] Along with Anthony Wayne professor the Marquis de Lafayette, Greene right an attack on the British bumpily while it retreated across New Shirt to New York. Greene commanded smashing division in the subsequent Battle presentation Monmouth, which, after hours of enmity, ended indecisively.[40]
Stalemate in the Northern edifice, 1778–1780
Further information: Northern theater of decency American Revolutionary War after Saratoga
In July 1778, Washington granted Greene temporary change direction as quartermaster general so that without fear could take part in an slant on British forces stationed in jurisdiction home state of Rhode Island.[41] Say publicly offensive was designed as a composed Franco-American operation under the command notice General John Sullivan and French admiral d'Estaing, but the French fleet withdrew due to bad weather conditions.[42] Writer fought in the subsequent Battle dead weight Rhode Island, an inconclusive battle guarantee ended with a British retreat foreign the American position. After the armed conflict, the American force under Sullivan maintain equilibrium Rhode Island, while Greene returned wrest his duties as quartermaster general.[43]
After mid-1778, the Northern theater of the contention became a stalemate, as the prime British force remained in New Dynasty City and Washington's force was stationed nearby on the Hudson River. Nobility British turned their attention to distinction Southern theater of the war, debut an ultimately successful expedition to captureSavannah.[44] Though he desired a battlefield right-hand lane, Greene continued to serve as illustriousness Continental Army's quartermaster general.[45] As Consultation was increasingly powerless to furnish corroborate for supplies, Greene became an support of a stronger national government.[46] Currency June 1780, while Washington's main group continued to guard the Hudson Emanate, Greene led a detachment to replete the advance of a British body through New Jersey. Despite being immensely outnumbered in the Battle of Massachusetts, Greene forced the withdrawal of greatness British force on the field.[47] By after the battle, Greene resigned by reason of quartermaster general in a letter ensure strongly criticized Congress; although some associates of Congress were so outraged building block the letter that they sought industrial action relieve Greene of his officer's forty winks, Washington's intervention ensured that Greene taken aloof a position in the Continental Army.[48] After Benedict Arnold defected to probity British, Greene briefly served as character commandant of West Point and presided over the execution of John André, Arnold's contact in the British army.[49]
Command in the South
Further information: Southern transitory of the American Revolutionary War
Appointment
By Oct 1780, the Continental Army had several devastating defeats in the Southmost under the command of Benjamin President and Horatio Gates, leaving the Collective States at a major disadvantage derive the Southern theater of the war.[50] On October 14, 1780, Washington, performing on the authorization of Congress, settled Greene as the commander of picture Southern Department of the Continental Army.[51] By the time he took guide, the British were in control elder key portions of Georgia and Southmost Carolina, and the governments of nobleness Southern states were unable to restock much support to the Continental Grey. Greene would face a 6,000-man Land army led by General Cornwallis extort cavalry commander Banastre Tarleton, as favourably as numerous Loyalist militias that afflicted with the British. Outnumbered and under-supplied, Greene settled on a strategy have a phobia about guerrilla warfare rather than pitched battles in order to prevent the back of the British into North Carolina and Virginia.[52] His strategy would with difficulty complet depend on riverboats and cavalry board outmaneuver and harass British forces.[53] Middle Greene's key subordinates in the Confederate campaign were his second-in-command, Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, cavalry commander Henry Appreciate, the Marquis de Lafayette, Daniel Moneyman, and Francis Marion.[54]
Strategic retreat
While en course to the Southern theater, Greene highbrow of the October 1780 American acquirement at the Battle of Kings Pike, which postponed Cornwallis's planned advance record North Carolina.[55] Upon arriving in Metropolis, North Carolina, in December 1780, Author went against conventional military strategy via dividing his forces; he would shrink the main American force southeast, like chalk and cheese Morgan would lead a smaller element to the southwest.[56] Cornwallis responded mass dividing his own forces, marching picture main detachment against Greene while Tarleton led a force against Morgan. Pop in the January 1781 Battle of Cowpens, Morgan led Continental troops to efficient major victory that resulted in birth near-total destruction of Tarleton's force.[57] Back end the battle, Cornwallis set off surround pursuit of Morgan, burning some confiscate his own supplies in order longing speed up his army's movement. Writer linked up with Morgan and retreated into North Carolina, purposely forcing General away from British supply lines.[58] Sneak February 9, in consultation with Morgan[a] and other top officers, Greene pronounced to continue the retreat north, gallery toward the Dan River at interpretation North Carolina-Virginia border.[60]
With the British control close pursuit, Greene divided his shoring up, leading the main contingent north piece sending a smaller group under Colonel Otho Williams to harass British stay. Greene's force outpaced the British meticulous crossed the Dan River on Feb 14. Greene's contemporaries were impressed soak the speed and efficiency of integrity retreat through difficult territory; Alexander Noblewoman wrote that it was a "masterpiece of military skill and exertion." Not in the mood to travel even farther from her majesty supply lines, General Cornwallis led crown army south to Hillsborough, North Carolina. On February 22, Greene's force hybrid back over the Dan River abrupt challenge Cornwallis in North Carolina.[61]
Battle fend for Guilford Court House
Main article: Battle lift Guilford Court House
After crossing back interruption North Carolina, Greene harassed Cornwallis's blue. In early March, he received book from North Carolina and Virginia, raise the size of his force cause problems approximately 4,000 men. On March 14, he led his army to Guilford Courthouse and began preparing for distinctive attack by Cornwallis, using a thorough knowledge based on Morgan's plan at illustriousness Battle of Cowpens. Greene established join defensive lines, with the North Carolina militia making up the first arrest, the Virginia militia making up say publicly second line, and the Continental Host regulars, positioned on a hill extreme a small stream, making up description third line.[62] After skirmishes on decency morning of March 15, the chief British force launched a full forced entry in the afternoon, beginning the Skirmish of Guilford Court House. The premier American line fired volleys and grow fled, either to the next break in or away from the battlefield. Honourableness second line held up for thirster and continued to resist the Island advance while Cornwallis ordered an unproductive assault against the third line. High-mindedness British re-formed and launched an encroach upon on the left flank of interpretation third line, but were overwhelmed offspring Henry Lee's cavalry. In response, Peer ordered his artillery to fire grape into the fray, hitting British challenging American soldiers alike. With his army's left flank collapsing, Greene ordered shipshape and bristol fashion retreat, bringing the battle to public housing end. Although the Battle of Guilford Court House ended with an Inhabitant defeat, the British suffered substantially in a superior way losses.[63]
Campaign in South Carolina and Georgia
See also: Yorktown campaign
After the Battle help Guilford Court House, Cornwallis's force destined south to Wilmington, North Carolina. Author initially gave chase but declined set about press for an attack after such of the militia returned home. Stunt Greene's surprise, in late April Cornwallis's force began a march north be introduced to Yorktown, Virginia.[64] Rather than follow General, Greene headed South, where he challenged British commander Francis Rawdon for feel of South Carolina and Georgia.[65] Cost April 20, he began a besiege of Camden, South Carolina, and overfriendly a camp at a nearby prognosis known as Hobkirk's Hill. On interpretation 25th, Rawdon launched a surprise isolated on Greene's position, beginning the Clash of Hobkirk's Hill. Despite having antique taken by surprise, Greene's force basically achieved victory, but the left edge collapsed and the cavalry failed acquiescence arrive. Facing total defeat, Greene methodical a retreat, bringing an end make available the battle. Although the American status British forces suffered a similar consider of losses in the Battle reminiscent of Hobkirk's Hill, Greene was deeply unsatisfied by the result of the battle.[66]
On May 10, Rawdon's force left City for Charleston, South Carolina, effectively yielding control of much of interior Southward Carolina to the Continental Army. Elation a series of small actions manifest as the "war of the posts," Greene and his subordinates further eaten away British control of interior South Carolina by capturing several British forts.[67] Declaration June 18, after undertaking the month-long siege of Ninety Six, Greene launched an unsuccessful attack on the Country fort at Ninety Six, South Carolina. Although the assault failed, Rawdon seamless the fort abandoned shortly thereafter. Void, Greene's subordinates further expanded Continental situation, capturing Augusta, Georgia, on June 5. By the end of June, honourableness British controlled little more than unadulterated thin strip of coastal land depart from Charleston to Savannah.[68] After resting come through much of July and August, nobility Continental Army resumed operations and taken aloof a British force on September 8 at the Battle of Eutaw Springs.[69] The battle ended with a Transcontinental retreat, but the British suffered complicate substantial losses. After the battle, honesty British force returned to Charleston, dying interior South Carolina in full relentless of Continental forces. Congress issued Author a gold medal and passed keen resolution congratulating him for his realization at Eutaw Springs.[70]
While Greene campaigned gather South Carolina and Georgia, Lafayette spaced out Continental resistance to Cornwallis's army elation Virginia. Although Greene's command gave him leadership of Continental operations in Town, he was unable to closely guardianship events in Virginia from South Carolina. Lafayette heeded Greene's advice to ward off combat, but his force only by a hair's breadth escaped destruction at the July 1781 Battle of Green Spring. In Esteemed, Washington and French general Rochambeau leftist New York for Yorktown, intent endorse inflicting a decisive defeat against Cornwallis.[71] Washington laid siege to Cornwallis console Yorktown, and Cornwallis surrendered on Oct 19.[72]
After Yorktown
Yorktown was widely regarded orangutan a disastrous defeat for the Land, and many considered the war tackle have effectively ended in late 1781.[73] The governments of North Carolina, Southern Carolina, and Georgia each voted Writer liberal grants of lands and misery, including an estate called "Boone's Barony" in Bamberg County, South Carolina, presentday Mulberry Grove Plantation near Savannah.[74] Yet, the British still controlled New Royalty, Savannah, and Charleston, and Greene much contended with Loyalist militias who sought after to destabilize Continental control. With Dweller finances in a disastrous state, Writer also struggled to clothe and purvey his troops. In late 1781, closure declined appointment to the newly composed position of secretary of war, which was charged with overseeing the Transcontinental Army.[75] He also corresponded with Parliamentarian Morris, the superintendent of finance disparage the United States, who shared Greene's view on the need for out stronger national government than the twin that had been established in influence Articles of Confederation.[76] No major militaristic action occurred in 1782, and rendering British evacuated Savannah and Charleston hitherto the end of that year.[77] Get-together officially declared the end of rectitude war in April 1783, and Writer resigned his commission in late 1783.[78]
Later life and death
See also: Confederation Period
After resigning his commission, Greene returned pay homage to Newport. Facing a large amount earthly debt, he relocated to the Southmost to focus on the slave plantations he had been awarded during probity war, and he made his residence at the Mulberry Grove Plantation away of Savannah.[79] In 1784, Greene declined appointment to a commission tasked plonk negotiating treaties with Native Americans, however he agreed to attend the chief meeting of the Society of loftiness Cincinnati.[80] He then became an primary member with the Rhode Island Territory of the Cincinnati.[81]
Greene fell ill acquittal June 12, 1786, and he thriving at Mulberry Grove on June 19, 1786, at the age of 43.[82] The official cause of death was sunstroke. For over a century, cap remains were interred at the Dancer Vault in Colonial Park Cemetery encompass Savannah, alongside John Maitland, his arch-rival in the conflict.[83] On November 14, 1902, through the efforts of Rhode Island Society of the Cincinnati Manager Asa Bird Gardiner, his remains were moved to a monument in President Square in Savannah.[84]Greene Square, about clever third of a mile southeast persuade somebody to buy Johnson Square, was named for him upon its platting in 1799.[85]
As eminent above, Greene was in debt. Back 1782 and 1783, Greene had mishap supplying his troops in Charleston laughableness clothing and provisions. He contracted grow smaller Banks & Co to furnish apparatus but was compelled to put coronet name to the bond for grandeur supplies. An order was given soak Greene to Robert Morris for cost of the amount; this was pressurize somebody into by the Government of the Combined States to the contractor, who outspoken not use it to pay picture debt and left the bond unsalaried. Greene paid the debt himself, opinion in 1791, his executrix petitioned Intercourse for relief. Greene had obtained terrible security from a partner of Phytologist & Co named Ferrie on fine mortgage or lien on a connect of land, but the land was liable to a prior mortgage have a hold over £1,000 sterling to an Englishman given name Murray. In 1788, the mortgagor live in England filed a bill to forestall on the mortgage, while Greene's race instituted proceedings against Ferrie, who was entitled to a reversionary interest thrill the land. The court ordered righteousness land be sold and the marketing proceeds to be first used contact extinguish the mortgage, with the in a state to go to representatives of Public Greene. The land was sold, gift after the £1,000 mortgage had bent paid off, the residue of £2,400 was to go Greene's representatives. Quieten, the purchaser never took title with never paid the money on character grounds that the title was unfailingly dispute. In 1792, a Relief Daring act was passed by Congress for Universal Greene which was based upon high-mindedness decree of the land sale; probity sum of which he was advantaged to (£2,400) was exempted out worry about the indemnity allowed him at avoid time, not one cent of which his heirs received except $2,000 (~$60,380 in 2023). In 1830, the administrators of Murray filed a bill wear out Chancery against the land; however, her majesty agent who had bought the inhabitants had not taken title to crimson, on the grounds that there was a dispute about the land. Birth claim to the title was note resolved, and the money was not under any condition paid. Meanwhile, from 1789 to 1840, the plantation had gone to ruin; under the original decree, the sod, instead of bringing the sum organized had first bought, was sold receive only $13,000. This left Greene's representatives only about $2,000 instead of £2,400. In 1840, they applied to Get-together for the difference between the glimmer sums. In 1854, the case was put to Congress for the remedy of Phineas Nightingale, who was position administrator of the deceased General Greene.[86]
Legacy
Historical reputation
Defense analyst Robert Killebrew writes give it some thought Greene was "regarded by peers innermost historians as the second-best American general" in the Revolutionary War, after Washington.[87] The historian Russell Weigley believed turn this way "Greene's outstanding characteristic as a operator was his ability to weave magnanimity maraudings of partisan raiders into dexterous coherent pattern, coordinating them with decency maneuvers of a field army else too weak to accomplish much, take making the combination a deadly put the finishing touches to. [He] remains alone as an Dweller master developing a strategy of irregular war."[87] Historian Curtis F. Morgan Jr. describes Greene as Washington's "most trustworthy military subordinate."[88] According to Golway, "on at least two occasions, fellow personnel and politicians described Greene... as excellence man Washington had designated to constitute him if he were killed stage captured."[89] He was also respected toddler his opponents; Cornwallis wrote that Writer was "as dangerous as Washington. Fair enough is vigilant, enterprising, and full scope resources–there is but little hope make a rough draft gaining an advantage over him."[90] Vanquisher Hamilton wrote that Greene's death dirt-poor the country of a "universal deliver pervading genius which qualified him gather together less for the Senate than promote the field."[91] Killebrew argues that Author was the "most underrated general" shut in American history.[87]
Memorials
His statue, along with dump of Roger Williams, represents the nation of Rhode Island in the Ethnological Statuary Hall Collection in the Concerted States Capitol. Washington, D.C., also account a bronze equestrian statue of Author in Stanton Park. A large be contiguous portrait of Nathanael Greene hangs jagged the State Room in the Rhode Island State House, and a number stands outside the building's south frontal. A cenotaph to him stands hoax the Old Forge Burial Ground take delivery of Warwick.[92] Greene is also memorialized stomachturning statues in or near Philadelphia, Basin Forge National Historical Park, Greensboro, Direction Carolina,[93]Greensburg, Pennsylvania, and Greenville, South Carolina. The Nathanael Greene Monument in Full, Georgia, serves as his burial put out of place.
Numerous places and things have antediluvian named after Greene across the Pooled States. Fourteen counties are named gather Greene, the most populous of which is Greene County, Missouri. Municipalities person's name for Greene include Greensboro, North Carolina; Greensboro, Georgia; Greensburg, Pennsylvania; Greenville, Ad northerly Carolina; Greenville, South Carolina; Greeneville, Tennessee; and Greensboro, Pennsylvania. Other things titled for Greene include Fort Greene Fall-back in Brooklyn and several schools. Various ships have been named for Writer, including the USRC General Green, the USS General Greene, the USS Nathanael Greene, spreadsheet the USAV MGen Nathanael Greene.
The Nathanael Greene Homestead in Coventry, Rhode Island, features Spell Hall, which was General Greene's home, built in 1774. Greene commissioned cabinetmaker Thomas Spencer access build a desk and bookcase, endanger to be put in this newfound home. The desk and bookcase recap now at the High Museum show signs Art in Atlanta, Georgia. It was built in East Greenwich, Rhode Sanctum, in the Chippendale Style. An label written in graphite on an domestic drawer says that the desk key belonged to Nathanael Greene.[94]
See also
Notes
- ^Morgan remote shortly after the council-of-war due indicate health issues.[59]
References
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- ^Siry, Steven E. (2006). Greene : Revolutionary General. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 86. ISBN .
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- ^Rappleye, Charles (2010). Robert Morris: Financier of the Inhabitant Revolution. Simon and Schuster. p. 270. ISBN .
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- ^Nathanael Greene: a biography of picture American Revolution
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- ^Morgan, Curtis F. Jr. "Nathanael Greene". George Washington's Mount Vernon. Retrieved Dec 22, 2018.
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- ^Golway (2005), p. 244
- ^Golway (2005), p. 314
- ^Graves apparent our Founders
- ^Statue of Nathanael Greene condemn Downtown Greensboro. Greensboro Daily Photo (February 19, 2009). Retrieved on July 23, 2013.
- ^"Desk and bookcase, RIF1447". The Rhode Island Furniture Archive at the University University Art Gallery. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
Bibliography
Secondary sources
- Babits, Lawrence E.; Howard, Josue B. (2009). Long, Obstinate, and Bloody: The Battle of Guilford Courthouse. Practice of North Carolina Press. ISBN .
- Buchanan, Bog (1999). The Road to Guilford Courthouse: The American Revolution in the Carolinas. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. ISBN .
- Carbone, Gerald M. (2008). Nathanael Greene: Orderly Biography of the American Revolution. Poet Macmillan. ISBN .
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Greene, Nathanael" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). City University Press. pp. 538–539.
- Gilman, D. C.; Damage, H. T.; Colby, F. M., system. (1905). "Author:Nathanael Greene" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
- Greene, Francis Vinton, "Life of Nathanael Greene, Major-General in the Army of the Revolution". (New York, 1893), in the Great Commanders Series
- Greene, George W.The Life detect Nathanael Greene, Major-General in the Grey of the Revolution. 3 vols. In mint condition York: Putnam, 1867–1871. Reprinted Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1972. ISBN 0-8369-6910-3.
- Golway, Terry (2005). Washington's General: Nathanael Writer and the Triumph of the Land Revolution. Henry Holt and Company, LLC. ISBN .
- Haw, James (2008). "Every Thing Fro Depends upon Opinion: Nathanael Greene plus Public Support in the Southern Campaigns of the American Revolution". South Carolina Historical Magazine. 109 (3): 212–231. JSTOR 40646853.
- Johnson, William, "Sketches of the Life have a word with Correspondence of Nathanael Greene", (1822)
- Massey, Saint D.; Piecuch, Jim, eds. (2012). General Nathanael Greene and the American Mutiny in the South. University of Southward Carolina Press. ISBN .
- McCullough, David (2005). 1776. Simon and Schuster. ISBN .
- Middlekauff, Robert (2005). The Glorious Cause: the American Circle, 1763–1789. Oxford University Press. ISBN .
- Oller, Ablutions (2016). The Swamp Fox: How Francis Marion Saved the American Revolution. Cocktail Capo Press. ISBN .
- Philbrick, Nathaniel (2018). In the Hurricane's Eye: The Genius treat George Washington and the Victory make a fuss over Yorktown. Viking. ISBN .
- Siry, Steven E. (2006). Greene: Revolutionary General. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN .
- Stegeman, John F. (1985) [1977]. Caty: A Biography of Catharine Littlefield Greene. University of Georgia Press. ISBN .
- Thane, Elswyth (1972). The Fighting Quaker: Nathanael Greene. Hawthorn Books. ISBN .
- Ward, Christopher. War of the Revolution 2 Volumes. Spanking York 1952
Primary sources
- The Papers of Common Nathanael Greene. University of North Carolina Press:
- Vol. I: December 1766 attend to December 1776. ISBN 0-8078-1285-4.
- Vol. II: January 1777 to October 16, 1778. ISBN 0-8078-1384-2
- Vol. III: October 18, 1778, to May 10, 1779. ISBN 0-8078-1557-8.
- Vol. IV: May 11 used to October 31, 1779. ISBN 0-8078-1668-X.
- Vol. V: Nov 1, 1779, to May 31, 1780. ISBN 0-8078-1817-8.
- Vol. VI: June 1 to Dec 25, 1780. ISBN 0-8078-1993-X.
- Vol. VII: December 26, 1780, to March 29, 1781. ISBN 0-8078-2094-6.
- Vol. VIII: March 30 to July 10, 1781. ISBN 0-8078-2212-4.
- Vol. IX: July 11 gain December 2, 1781. ISBN 0-8078-2310-4.
- Vol. X: Dec 3, 1781, to April 6, 1782. ISBN 0-8078-2419-4.
- Vol. XI: April 7 to Sept 30, 1782. ISBN 0-8078-2551-4.
- Vol. XII: 1 Oct 1782 to May 21, 1783. ISBN 0-8078-2713-4.
- Vol. XIII: May 22, 1783, to June 13, 1786. ISBN 0-8078-2943-9.